The Factors of Kisāniyyeh Tendency to Falsify and Distort in Mahdism and Its Typology

Kisāniyyeh should be mentioned as one of the first sects that theoretically entered the topic of Mahdism. The concepts of Mahdism have been widely discussed and abused in this sect. What is questionable are the reasons for the tendency of Kisāniyyeh to forge and distort hadiths and teachings of Mahdism. This question becomes important and it becomes a place of discussion and investigation because it is not possible to understand Mahdism as a term from Mukhtar's words about Muhammad ibn Hanafiyeh. And on the other hand, the leaders and elders of Kisāniyyeh, including Muhammad ibn Hanafiyeh and his son Abu Hashem, were promoters and believers of Mahdism believed by Twelver Shia, and they did not claim Mahdism. This article seeks to find the answer to the above question by adopting the descriptive-analytical method. The findings of this study indicate the extensive influence of ghāliyān (exaggerators) on Kisāniyyeh in the matter of Mahdism. Also, the existence of Sabʾiyeh in Kufa at the same time as Mukhtar's uprising is one of the other factors of the tendency of Kisāniyyeh to the subject of Mahdism and forgery and distortion in this field. As a result, Kisani ghāliyāns and Kisāniyyeh influenced by Sabʾiyeh created several kinds of fake hadiths and teachings, including "Mahdiism of Kisāniyyeh leaders", "abuse of concepts of Mahdism" and "interpretation according to the opinion of some verses of the Qurʾan in line with Mahdism teachings".