A Critical Study of Georges Dumézil's Triple System in Shahname and Mahabharat

For the first time, Wikander, with his research on Mahabharat and the Shahname, suggested that the warrior class among the Aryan people was an independent class of social structure, and that the clergy and the peasants constituted two other classes. By placing the group of rulers next to the clergy in the first class and examining the social structure of other Indo-European peoples, Dumézil extended the theory of the threple systhem social structure to other societies of this nation. He believed that in addition to the social structure, gods, families, and even more detailed concepts such as medicine, fire, and Farrah in Iran followed this structure. But by examining these issues in more detail in Shahname and Mahabharat, we can say that many of Dumézil's analyzes can be criticized. In this article, an attempt has been made to critically examine the foundations of Dumézil's theory based on the myths and epics of India and Iran, and to critique and analyze this theory. According to studies, it seems that social classes and other concepts that Dumézil emphasizes are not very separable and demarcating. On the other hand, the peasantry in Indo-Iranian beliefs was not as important as other classes and Contrary to Dumézil's view, craftsmanship has a long history in these societies.