Nutitional value, phytochemical, and antioxidant status of a mixed extract of brown macroalgae Sargassum ilicifolium, Nizimuddinia zanardini, Cystoseira indica, and Padina australis

The purpose of this research is to investigate the nutritional value (approximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid), phytochemical (sterol, phenol and flavonoid) and antioxidant activity (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl; DPPH) of mixed aqueous extract of brown macroalgae Sargassum ilicifolium, Nizimuddinia zanardini, Cystoseira indica, and  Padina australis. In this study, after collecting the macroalgae, they were washed and dried, and then they were combined in a quantitative ratio of 1:1:1 and turned into powder. The amount of protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash, moisture, and  the amount of raw energy are 6.38, 1.30, 0.86, 5.10, 2.20, 85.46 g/100 g wet weight of the mixture, and 4238.86 cal/g respectively. The predominant saturated fatty acids in the tested macroalgae mixture were palmitic acid (15.11±0.89%), myristic acid (10.51±0.28%) and stearic acid (8.54±0.43%), respectively. Among the long chain unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), arachidonic acid (20.48±4.23%), linoleic acid (18.32±6.12%) and alpha-linolenic acid (6.50±0.78%) were dominant respectively. The total amount of essential and non-essential amino acids was 7.88 and 11.41 amino acids/100 g of sample, respectively. Glutamic acid (4.12±0.02 g AA/100 g of sample), aspartic acid (1.71±0.05 g AA/100 g of sample) and serine (1.64±0.09 g AA/100 g of sample) by non-essential amino acid were dominant respectively. The predominant sterol was sitostanol. The amount of total sterol was 234.54 ± 12.18 mg/100 g dry matter. The amount of phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of mixed aqueous extract, was 83.46.7 ± 7 mg GAE /g of extract, 10.01 ± 0.98 mg of QE g dry extract and 1323.87 ± 11.28 µmol TE/g respectively. Overall, the results of this study showed that due to the presence of PUFA, the balance between essential and essential amino acids, sterols and natural antioxidants, using the macroalgae mixture of S. ilicifolium, N. zanardini, C. indica and P. australisis recommended in food and pharmaceutical industries.