Design, construction and evaluation of a washing machine with water circulation system for agricultural tuber products

In order to respond to the huge demand for energy and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and reduce air pollution, the use of a green, clean and stable biofuel is the only alternative. When a suitable precursor and process is used in the production of biodiesel, its replacement as an alternative fuel becomes more certain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the combined jet plasma-ultrasonic reactor in biodiesel production. The use of plasma jet in the production of biodiesel is known as an advanced molecular decomposition process due to the use of strong electric fields in the transesterification process and has been the focus of researchers in recent years. Four factors: molar ratio of methanol to oil (1:4, 1:6, 1:8), catalyst concentration (0.75, 1, 1.25), time (30, 60 and 90 s) and ultrasonic power (100, 250 and 400 W) was investigated for biodiesel production in this combined system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the methyl ester content. In RSM optimization, the highest yield of biodiesel by the software was 93.82% in ultrasonic power of 395.76 W, molar ratio of 6.75, catalyst concentration of 0.96%w/w and reaction time of 79.58 s. The physical and chemical characteristics of the produced biodiesel were in accordance with the ASTM D6751 standard. In general, the results show that the biodiesel produced through this combined system saves time with the highest conversion efficiency.