The Effectiveness of Positive Parenting Education to Parents of Preschool Children on Children's Self-Control and Self-Efficacy

The present research examines the analysis of the content of theresearches of the Islamic Lifestyle Quarterly with a focus on health as oneof the authoritative publications of the Ministry of Health.

The statistical society of scientific and researcharticles from the winter of 2018 to the spring of 2021, the number of 418articles have been published in the scientific-research quarterly of Islamiclifestyle with a focus on health in 18 periods and three special issues. Insuch a way that by examining each article, necessary data were collectedand data analysis was done using Excel software. Also, descriptivestatistics methods, such as data classification according to distribution andfrequency percentage, as well as drawing graphs and tables, have been usedin data analysis. Sampling was not used and all elements of the societywere investigated by census.

After examining each article, their content in terms of thenumber of articles published in the quarterly, author's gender, academicrank, field/trend and subjects and axes of interest of the authors,participating universities/organizations, statistical population, approach,type, The level of analysis, the strategy and time period of the researches,the type of data and the method of data collection were analyzed.

Preschool children often have deficiencies and weaknesses inself-control and self-efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this study wasdetermine the effectiveness of positive parenting education to parents ofpreschool children on children's self-control and self-efficacy.

This study was a quasi-experimental with pretest, post-test and one-month follow-up with a control group. The researchpopulation was the parents of preschool children and their children inDistrict 3 of Tehran city in the 2019-20 academic years, which from themnumber of 30 children and their parents were selected as a sample byavailable sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups.The parents of experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes theSanders positive parenting education and during this period the parents ofcontrol group did not receive any education. Data were collected whit usingthe Humphrey self-control scale and Morris self-efficacy questionnaire andanalyzed by methods of chi-square, analysis of variance with repeatedmeasures and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-19 software.

The results showed that the experimental and control groups didnot significant difference in terms of parental education and age of thechildren (P>0.05). Other results showed that the positive parentingeducation to parents of preschool children in compared to the control groupled to increase children's self-control and self-efficacy and the results weremaintained in the one-month follow-up phase (P<0.001).

The results indicated the effectiveness of positive parentingeducation to parents of preschool children on increasing children's selfcontrol and self-efficacy. Therefore, to improve the characteristics ofpreschool children, can be used the positive parenting education methodalong with other educational methods, especially to increase self-controland self-efficacy.