Identifying the challenges and problems of Iranian school principals in comparing with global experiences

The main purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the challenges facing school principals in school leadership with regard to the systematic experiences of researchers at the national and international levels and to provide solutions to those challenges for Iranian school principals.

To achieve the goal, the documentary research method of systematic review was used. As a result of searching, identifying and refining the obtained data, a total of 188 scientific research studies published in prestigious Iranian scientific journals (IranDoc, MagIran, Noormags, Human Sciences Portal, Persian Journal Bank, Civilica, Central Library of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad) and foreign publications (Scopus, Web of Science, Eric) were analyzed.

The overall result of this study was the identification of 829 challenges and problems of school principals around the world categorized based on the conceptual framework of the research in four main domains of contextual and personal antecedents, principals' roles and actions, school organization characteristics, and student performance.