" Recognizing the art of Ruling (Jadval( since the 9th century; Based on texts, documents and manuscripts"

" Recognizing the art of Ruling (Jadval( since the 9th century; Based on texts, documents and manuscripts"Ruling (Jadval) is an ancient decorative element found in Islamic manuscripts, commonly used in manuscripts produced in Iran. The continued use of ruling led to the development of various styles during the 9th and 10th centuries AH. In addition to serving as decorative lines, ruling also dictates the placement of elements such as text, illuminations, and images on pages. Despite its significance, little research has been conducted on ruling.The goals of this study include examining the importance of ruling, introducing ruling artists, exploring the cost of ruling, presenting ruling tools, and revising Qazi Munshi Qomi's explanations of ruling styles. The research addresses questions such as the importance of the art of ruling based on texts and documents, and how Qazi Munshi Qomi's definitions of ruling styles can be clarified through stylistic studies. This fundamental research analyzed data qualitatively by examining historical texts and documents chronologically. Information was collected from library and electronic resources, and the structures of rulings in 333 manuscripts were scrutinized. Investigations revealed that ruling has been a common element in manuscripts since the 9th century, with some ruling artists mentioned in books and documents. A comparison of the ruling fee with the costs of writing, painting, and gilding in the "Baravord" document from the late 9th century suggests that the amount specified for drawing the rulings of the manuscript was reasonable. Additionally, this article corrected the descriptions of ruling styles in the book Golestan Art in the 10th century by comparing them with the ruling styles used in manuscripts.Key words: Manuscript, Book Art, Ruling, Jadval, illumination, 9th century AH.