Perspectives of the Quran and the Two Testaments on the Creation of Adam and His Transgression

The topic of the creation of Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and his transgression as the first human holds significant importance in understanding the field of anthropology. The heavenly scriptures of Islam and Christianity differ in narrating the story of Adam's creation and his transgression, although some similarities also exist. Both scriptures mention that Adam's creation was from clay, indicating a shared perspective. However, they differ in describing the act of disobedience towards the Almighty. For example, the Quran mentions that Satan tempted Adam and Eve to eat from the forbidden tree, while the Two Testaments attribute the deception to the snake. This difference arises from the portrayal of the snake as a symbol with a demonic aspect in the Garden of Eden. In the story of Adam, God describes the scene as a “temptation” (“fitna”) and labels Adam's action as disobedience (“ma'siyah”), which has a distinct nature from sin (“dhanb,” “ithm,” and “su'”). Considering these nuances, the author seeks to provide a descriptive-analytical approach to address the question of the perspectives of the Quran and the Two Testaments regarding the creation of Adam and his transgression. Initially, the Quranic viewpoint on this matter is examined, followed by the perspective of the Two Testaments. Finally, a comparison of these two perspectives is presented.