Preparation of Quaternary Alluvia of Zanjan Province Using GIS-RS

Since Quaternary organizations form the basis of human society's life, the Quaternary study is the study of the enormous and potential natural reserves of each country, which should be the study-basis of sustainable development. High-resolution satellite digital images with different wavelengths, along with utilization of GIS systems and special data processing software, have provided commentators with the possibility to study various issues related to natural resources with very high accuracy and speed. Accordingly, in this paper, using ETM Landsat satellite images, a method for the preparation of Quaternary alluvial maps has been proposed. In order to carry out this research, after collecting required data and ETM Landsat satellite images, these data were processed and a Quaternary map was prepared in the GIS program environment. By summing up the results, we can say that from a combination of 6 bands (bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7) out of the seven information bands of ETM in the range of visible to thermal near-infrared wavelengths, different color composites for the purpose of separation of lithological units were fabricated, the best of which being a combination of three bands of 5, 3 and 1. In this image, various lithological units are well separated, and by carrying out the necessary examinations, its accuracy was estimated to be about 90%, which indicates a very satisfactory coefficient of reliability. Using the results of these studies, we can identify and exploit the potentials of this system according to their visual characteristics.