The Objectivity of Nonexistent in the View of Mu'tazila and an Analysis of Received Criticisms on it

Mu'tazila put forward the theory of the objectivity of nonexistent to prove God's eternal knowledge of possible beings before creation. The criticisms of Ash'arites and Islamic philosophers are the eternity of the world, denying the contradiction and its ineffectiveness in proving God's eternal knowledge of creatures. According to the semantics of objectivity and non-existent, there is no criticism in Mu'tazila's point of view of the denying of contradiction and the eternity of the world. In this theory, objectivity means a constant that can be reported. The non-existent in this theory is something that does not exist on the outside. Therefore, objectivity of non-existent is the stability of things that do not exist outside, but exist in God's eternal knowledge, and this does not mean the eternality of objective beings. Similarly, stability is external existence and is not in contradiction with the negation of external existence. Therefore, the principle of this opinion is rationally acceptable. On the other hand, the requirement of this theory is the contradiction between existence and essence, mental existence and the belonging of counterfeit to the existence. This study examines this theory and its criticisms using a descriptive-analytical method.