Explanation of Spatial Approaches to the Justice in Political Theories

Spatial justice is one of the fundamental concepts in political theory and philosophy. Extensive studies have been conducted to identify and determine the objectives of the concept of justice, of which spatial justice in geography can be considered as one of the important objective examples in this field. Given the importance of spatial justice, the present study uses a descriptive-analytical approach to spatial examples and approaches to justice in the theories of Marxism, utilitarianism, and John Rawls's theories. results has showed that Marx saw the concept of individual justice as opposed to the ultimate goal of the proletarian class and believed that individual justice was an obstacle to revolution. The goals and foundations of capitalism are incompatible with social spatial justice, and elements such as deprivation and exploitation are essential to the market and essentially eliminate the possibility of the realization of spatial justice. Rationalism, relying on the concepts of sense and spatial belonging, has brought the concept of justice closer to spatial approaches. Emphasizing that people who live in a place and have historically and culturally established a natural connection with their place of residence, neo-utilitarianism recognize space as a strategic concept for examples of justice. Also, John Rawls, by linking the concept of justice to justice, a kind of spatial approach to justice. John Rawls's book "Justice as Fairness" aims to provide a practical philosophical and ethical basis for acceptable causal and managerial matters. This view suggests that, in Rawls' view, the ultimate goal of justice is to provide the appropriate ground for democratic institutions in the administration of space-political units (states) in a democratic manner.