Comparative Analysis of Executive Function and Sensory Processing in Adults with and Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Their Impact on Participation: A Cross-Sectional Study

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can lead to difficulties in various aspects of adult participation.

This present study aimed to investigate executive function, sensory processing, and participation in meaningful activities among adults with and without ADHD. Additionally, the study explored the relationships between executive function, sensory processing, and participation in meaningful activities in adults with ADHD.

In this cross-sectional study, 70 adults aged 18 to 40 with ADHD and 68 healthy peers were recruited from various clinics and centers across Tehran. Executive function and sensory processing were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A) and the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile Questionnaire (AASP), respectively. Participation in meaningful activities was evaluated using the engagement in meaningful activity survey (EMAS). Independent samples t -tests were used to compare adults with ADHD to healthy adults. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were utilized to explore correlations. A stepwise linear regression model was applied to assess the predictive effects of various variables.

Significant differences were observed in executive function, sensory processing, and participation in meaningful activities between adults with and without ADHD. Significant correlations were found between participation scores and all subscales of executive function and sensory processing.

The findings indicate that individuals with ADHD exhibit significant differences in executive function, sensory processing, and participation in meaningful activities compared to their non-ADHD peers. Executive function and sensory processing in adults with ADHD appear to impact their participation in meaningful activities. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.