The possibility of claiming and methods of compensation for moral damages in Iranian law and Islamic jurisprudence

Violation of contractual obligations and damages caused by it is one of the most important issues that are discussed in the field of contract law. This violation can take various forms, including non-fulfillment of contractual obligations, delay in fulfilling contractual obligations, and delivery of defective goods. In legal systems such as the Islamic Republic of Iran, only material and moral damages directly caused to the injured party through breach of contract can be collected. The motivation and reason for choosing the present topic has been important in several ways. First, among the disputes related to contracts, the most disputes that arise are related to the compensation of moral damages, while Iran's legal system has not been properly updated in this area. Second, the complexity of relations. A contract in the current era has also caused several models to be accepted in the field of moral compensation. In Iran's legal systems, forcing the obligee to fulfill his obligations is intended in the first place, and compensation is only if the obligee cannot or does not have the will to fulfill his obligations. It seems that according to the two main bases of contractual liability, i.e., the right to confront, according to the provisions of verse 194 of Surah Al-Baqarah and Article 221 of the Civil Code, the provisions of the agreement of the parties in determining the scope of contractual liability, damages due to breach of contract can be claimed in the following forms. First, the benefits that the parties expect to obtain through the execution of the contract in a conventional and reasonable manner, as required by the right of reciprocity. Secondly, the costs incurred as a result of relying on the execution of the contract, as required by the law of reciprocity and that the breacher of the contract knew that by not executing the contract, the costs incurred by the other party relying on the execution of the contract would be useless and wasted. . In addition, here some kind of implicit condition can also be invoked.