A review of the experimental and numerical studies on fused deposition modeling

In recent years, 3D printing technology has played an important role, especially in prototyping and manufacturing parts with high speed and low cost. Among the various methods, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is known as one of the most economical and widely used. This method uses materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and parameters like nozzle temperature, layer thickness, and print speed directly affect the final quality of the part. Due to their significant impact on properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, flexural strength, and dimensional stability, many experimental and numerical studies have been conducted. The growing industrial use of this method highlights the need to review and evaluate these studies. This research aims to review and critically analyze them from both experimental and numerical perspectives to identify the key parameters in optimizing mechanical properties and reducing costs. Results show that parameters such as layer thickness and print speed have a greater effect on tensile strength and production time/cost. Achieving a proper balance among printing parameters is essential to produce parts with optimal properties and low cost. The findings are also consistent with previous research.