Artificial intelligence for regular monitoring of diabetogenic wounds and exploring nanotherapeutics to combat the multifaceted pathophysiology

The multifaceted pathophysiology of diabetic wounds coupled with impaired diabetic woundhealing remains a significant challenge for the medical community in the 21st century. Possibilityof bacterial infections, insufficient vascular supply, increment in levels of oxidative stress, andabnormalities in defenses mechanism of antioxidant causes diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) that leads tosignificant morbidity. An effective treatment for diabetic wounds is still lacking. Chronic woundsare taking epidemic proportions, leading to an increased interest in exploring novel therapiesto meet the challenges. Evaluating the progression in diabetic ulcers poses a major threat forthe patients and clinician owing to logistics as irregular visits to the clinics. Unique propertiesof nanoparticles contain ultra-small size, increased surface-to-volume ratio, low cytotoxicity,enhanced cellular uptake, improved antibacterial activity, biocompatibility and biodegradabilitymaking their applications attractive against DFUs. Their potential for healing can be due to theirsuperior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Further, nanoparticles are effective deliveryvehicles for various small molecules, exosomes, metallic molecules, or conjugated with numerousbiomaterials- chitosan (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA) and smart hydrogels (HG) to enhance theirhealing efficacy against diabetic wounds. This review focuses on the futuristic and potentialviewpoints of nanoparticles for the therapeutics of diabetic wounds/DFUs. Artificial intelligence(AI) tools and optical sensors can further contribute effectively for the monitoring procedures.Software based on AI technology plays crucial role in assessment and provide continuous carethroughout the treatment. AI also helps to connect healthcare experts with larger number ofpatients at the same time. Nanotherapeutics represents a promising innovative strategy for targetedtreatment that can change the landscape of wound healing, by providing a physiologically stablemicro-environment for the thorough wound-healing process.