The Tribal Management and the Civil Management in Nahj ol Balagha

Islam was introduced at a time when the whole Jaziratol Arab (Arab Island) was experiencing a hard life under the reign of the tribes. The culture of these tribes had imposed such costume and order that people had been made to lose their strength to pave the way to The Exalted and also to fail to achieve the human perfection. Islam from the very begining was deter minded to eliminate this tribal system and to make it collapsed. Since this old structure interwoven with the life of people in Mecca seemed to be hardly destructible, the honored prophet immigrated to Yasreb, the place of two old civilizations of Yemen and Jews. Two civilizations that under the impact of tribal culture and through the ages were made closed cultures and ripped in roots. Yasreb was called Madinaton Nabi (The city of the Prophet) that indicated the entrance of primitive Arabs into a modern civil life and a civil management. It was in this way that the Prophet (peace be upon him) could undermine the tribal order and by the eighth year of Hijra, after teaching the divine verses and doing some battles, achieved his goal. But this culture, left in the depth of Qorayshi chiefs, was revived and reorganized some time after the Prophet (p.b.u.h) was passed away. Imam Ali (p.) becoming the Caliph and controling the affairs of the Muslims, pull his back on ful filling the prophet’s wish and plan. Following this‚ he taught his governors how to put into action that civil (human-Islamic) management theories. Through writing the modern Rulling Treaty to Malik Ashtar‚ one of his governors‚ Imam Ali (p) draw the fram of this kind of management. This tready is an executive guideline for all managers in all ages and generations as well in all places and circumstances.