Geography and Development of Tourism

Urbanization is considered as one of the main causes of formation of tourism. The evolution and concentration of cities has created certain predicaments and constraints for its inhabitants, and continuation of such a process makes people look for an escape to free themselves for some time from the troubles of urban life, and spend some time on entertainment and recreation and renew their exhausted energy. Residents of cities have been forced to make decisions on spending their free time for various reasons, including physical and spatial uniformity of cities, their heterogeneous and unnatural texture, as well as various types of mental disturbances and stresses and environmental and noise pollution. After the eighteenth century and the Industrial Revolution, a great transformation in the growth, development and emergence of cities arose and various factors such as the transformation of transportation and the speed of exchanges, the emergence of specialization and division of labor, progress in medical sciences and hygiene, and as a result the increase of the population combined with decrease in mortality, expanding immigration, development and concentration of industry and commerce, as well as rising level of income, diversity of businesses, emergence and expansion of mass communication and ... led to the expansion of urban settlement. Subsequently, huge changes occurred in social, economic, environmental and occupational systems, mental stresses increased, noise contamination, neurological disturbances, unruly behaviors and conditions and … appeared. Following the disclosure of the negative aspects of urban life, leisure planning was at the forefront of urban priorities, which led to the birth of tourism and globe-trotting. Tourism (or globe-trotting) is a phenomenon that has existed with its particular forms in human societies from time immemorial, and has gradually evolved along with historical developments to the present age. This phenomenon is generally based on travel and displacement, which is itself the result of various mental, cultural, social and economic needs of mankind.