Nomadic Rangeland Management in past and present in a review: Changes, Challenges and Solutions

Nomadic rangeland system is part of rangeland system in Iran and is inflicted to volatility, like nomadism, during decades. The management of this system is imposed to some changes during the past and the effective factors on this system have caused some challenges and the analysis of these challenges lead to some guidance for nomads. In this paper the changes on the past nomadic rangeland management, recognition of effective factors on this management, the occurred challenges and some clarifications at present time are studied and analyzed. These challenges are disequilibrium of rangeland carrying capacity, population pressure on rangelands, contemporary needs occasionally leading to encroaching to rangelands with covetousness, making nomadic decisions, programs and managements distinctively, incompatibility of technology with ecological nomadic rangeland management, and the lack of guidance role of the government in nomads settle down. This paper propose that the development and clarification for these challenges should be based on local participation, so for that, the nomadic social and cultural condition should be considered. Nomadic rangeland management can be done in presence of local social structure, traditional communication and apply of recognized ecological factors. The simulated nomadic production system based on this management could help the decision makers for better programming in nomad’s community.