Iranian Garden: A Place of Coexistence: City-Nature-Landscape Case study: Tehran Gardens in 19th Century

This paper studies Tehran gardens in the time span from Qajar dynasty up to Pahlavi period. A brief glance at Tehran’s old map reveals that the situation and location of the birth of old gardens, having been affected by the environmental potentiality of the background, on the one hand, have first led to the introverted growth of the city and the fortification of the central citadel and, on the other hand, have led to the extroverted growth of the city, i.e. the development of Tehran as the time went by. At the present, most of these gardens have been demolished in the interest of developing Tehran and only a couple of them have survived. In view of this, identifying the structural elements and the system governing therein, the ratio of difference between this pattern and the Iranian pattern of constructing gardens and their role in extending the city mountain ward are among the objectives of this study. In this study with pay attention the signification of political, economical and sociality affairs in development of Tehran city, the prevalent system of the gardens of Tehran and the role played by them in the orientation of the city are examined through a study of Niavaran Garden.