Complex Landscape and Landscape Complexity, The Role of Complexity in Sustainability of Ecological Systems

Understanding the complex nature of the universe, the relationship between its components and processes has long been considered the major objective of the scientific discourses. Investigation of these relationships has been evolved and presented in the new scientific frameworks during the recent decades. This has led to the new explanation of the characteristics of universe. Although it has not been accompanied by the development of new scientific rules, the resulting approach has challenged the classical concept of physics and mathematics. Study of nonlinear and the dynamic systems led to the development of the chaos theory and eventually to Complexity in the last decades of the 20th century. This has helped us in better understanding of the laws of universe. The issue of complexity through its close relation with the Chaos Theory has led to expanding the concepts and formulating them into the Complexity Theory framework. According to complexity theory, sources of complex processes and behaviours of a system might be relying on the simple/repetitious actions of behaviours which might be turned into the complex phenomena in interaction with their environments. Ecological systems create the major components of our natural surrounding environment. They show complex patterns and behaviours in space and time. The knowledge of dominant processes and mechanisms of this environment and its components, therefore, can be viewed as an essential element for better understanding of the complex systems. Landscape is considered as an example of ecological systems and interacts with the larger environmental parameters and structures. Thispaper is aimed at the development of a framework within which the interaction of environment and complex system can be formulated and explained in accordance with landscape sustainability.