Rainfall Effects on Radio Wave Propagation at Ku and Ka Bands

To simulate the effects of rain on the wave propagation, refractive index, size, and pattern of the rain drops should be characterized. By finding these parameters through the measurements, one is able to calculate scattering parameters from a particle and then extend it to a group of particles. In this study, attenuation, polarization changes, and phase shift are calculated by considering rainfall distribution and moment method. Based on the comparison of the simulation results and ITU recommendations, it is shown that ITU recommendations model is general and approximately presents average attenuation.