Bakhtin and System of Literary Discourse

Bakhtin’s viewpoint concerning taking form in the novel, system of discourse, the application of polyphony, and his theory in the dialogism in his two famous books under the titles of The problems in Dostoyevsky’s Works (1929) and Dostoyevsky’s Poetic (1963) is fully expressed. But between these two books the second one is, in fact, the rewriting form of the first one with some changes and addenda. Their only difference is that in the first book the writer widely proposes the problems of novels and their characterization. In the second book, Bakhtin brings up some more innovations in Dostoyevsky’s writings which causes him to be called not only as the pioneer in the act of breaking with tradition in the novel, but also the founder of the revolution in writing novels, also the avant-garde of the method of “carnavalisation” in the space of novels. In the present essay, we first embark on a career of Julia Kristeva in making known the great works of Bakhtin to the public, and then we bring up Bakhtin’s views about time, place, characterization, discourse and polyphony in the novel. Finally, we try to carefully examine the relationship between polyphony and conversation with intertextuality, hypertextuality and hypotextuality .