An Investigation of the Problem of Evil and It's relation with God's Names and Attributes in Modern Theology and Ibn-Arabi's View

There are different kinds of evils: ethical, natural, social, metaphysical and emotional evil. Augustine believes the origin of ethical evil is sin and the origin of natural evil is the punishment of sin. He has explained the problem of evil by analogy and induction. Some of these problems put human’s will in contradiction with the Divine knowledge, some others put evil in contradiction with God’s power and justice or restrict His power and pretend human’s power is out of God’s control and depend on natural rules and logical necessities; some others question God’s goodness and finally pretend that evil is a reason for rejecting God's existence.As mentioned in one of the problems, he believes sin and Satan are good reasons for existence of evil and limitation of God’s power. Answering his question, Shwan differentiates between the Divine will of essence and the Divine will of existence and says that the ethical evils are related to the Divine will of existence and the Divine law and ethics are related to the Divine will of existence (not the Divine will of essence). Completing this answer, Ibn Arabi explains that the Divine will is related to action not the agent. He answers the question of God’s knowledge and says that God’s will for managing the world of possible beings – which includes human’s deeds - is to apply the principle of causality and to approve human’s will as one of the causes of actualizing His actions. Various answers are mentioned for evil which are generally as follows:1.Evil is non-existential;2.Evil is particular;3.Evil is relative.