Assessment of Biological Modification of Phenol Using Native Bacteria Isolated from Water and Sediment of Parishan Lake

Introduction and Phenol and phenol compounds are extremely toxic which found abundantly in the compounds such as pesticides, herbicides, poisons and chemical fertilizer. Phenol are highly harmful for the creatures, particularly for human beings. It leaves irretrievable effects, so it deems advisable to eliminate these compounds from the nature in different ways. Physicochemical methods were used formerly to eliminate phenol. In addition to much expenditures, these methods also cause the production of the dangerous intermediary compounds. Now, the biological analysis of phenol being considered. Among the microorganisms, bacteria have particular importance in phenol analysis. This research has been done on the sediment and water samples of Parishan lake which is one of the international wetland of Iran. Many samples of bacteria were detached. The separation method for sediment samples is as follows in which 10gr of sample is mixed with 100ml of phenol broth culture medium. Then it is supplied with air in a 30-degree temperature on a shaker having 170rpm. In water sample, 10ml of water sample mixed with 100ml of phenol broth medium. Other stages are repeated again similarly. This process continues until the pure bacteria are separated. The technical medium which is the basis of this experiment including KH2PO4, K2HPO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, FeCl3, phenol, water and pH7. The obtained results presented that the bacteria analyzing phenol formed a wide range of bacteria. These bacteria are mainly gram negative and belongs to the Pseudomonas family. These bacteria has got various ability in phenol analysis (0.2-0.9 gr/lit phenol). According to the obtained results, the separation and purification of such bacteria can be used for phenol elimination and its toxic derivations in the environment. This is an important step for men's health protection.