Characterization and molecular function of PPAR gamma transcription factor in human

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors comprising three different isotypes termed β/δ،α and γ. They act at the transcriptional level. PPARγ is expressed primarily in adipose tissue primarily in adipose tissue and is considered as an adipogenic factor which regulates the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism. The ligandactivated nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been shown to regulate cell activation, differentiation, proliferation, and/or apoptosis. Alternative promoter regions within the PPARγ gene are responsible for the formation of three PPARγ isoforms. Occurrence of (Pro12Ala) polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with a change in lipid profile in obese carrier individuals. PPARγ is the target of the insulin sensitizing thiazplidinediones (TZDs), a class of currently used drugs in the treatment of type2 diabetes mellitus. PPARγ plays a major role in tissue differentiation. The repressive effects of PPARγ on tumor carcinoma cell lines have opened new hopes for therapeutic applications of this factor to inhibit the progress of cancer