The Study of Challenges in Applying Information and Communication Technology in Teaching and Learning Processes

Information and communication Technology (ICT) has the potential to enhance access, quality and effectiveness in education. The purpose of this research was to examine challenges in applying information and communication technology in teaching and learning processes from the viewpoints of faculty members and post graduate students at Isfahan University and Isfahan Technical University. In this research, the challenges were studied in the framework of Organizational Elements Model (input, process, individual and organizational outcomes). The method of the study was descriptive and a classified sampling method suitable for the population was used. The statistical sample included 110 faculty members and 131 postgraduate students. The main instrument for collecting data was the researcher- made questionnaire including 62 close ended questions. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through Cronbach Alfa coefficient (a = 0/88), and the validity was confirmed by the related experts. Statistically, research findings (at the level of P <0/05) indicated that individual and organizational outcomes were not challenging while input and process (above average level) were challenging from both faculty members and post graduate students viewpoints. The results also showed that there were differences between faculty members’ viewpoints and post graduate students regarding input challenges and the application of ICT in teaching learning processes.