Masterstroke of Hafiz in the Use of Economic Terms

Persian poetry has reached its peak in the writings of Hafiz with respect to linking common economic expressions with feelings and poetic emotion. Hafiz has used economic expressions with a specific artistic manner to show the condition of society, politics¸ and religion of his own time. Parts of his Gnostic thoughts¸ philosophy, his view of the world¸ and finally his image of an ideal life have been all reflected in the given expressions. Economic expressions have been conceptually divided into several categories in Hafiz's poetic works and their usage in figurative concepts has increased their meaning loads. Furthermore, from structural perspective, the creation of different combinations and the use of literary terms, and rhetorical devices bring about the richness of economic expressions. Accordingly¸ the economic atmosphere besides its flourishing market appears with a variety of goods which revitalizes the poetic emotions and feelings and Gnostic soul. This study aims to reveal the art of Hafiz in using this method and present the economic, social, political, religious, and authors’ views through economic terms. Further, it examines his techniques in designing a poetic and economic atmosphere and mystical enthusiasm.