The role of second cultivations in the economy of rural areas (Case Study: Dashtsar Dehestan of Amol)

Intro duction In current conditions, agriculture's most important economic activity in most villages of Iran and need to be development oriented. In addition to providing the consumer needs of the agricultural sector, creating employment, increasing income and so has a major role in the economy of rural households. In the rural areas of most crops are grown, the role of complementary economic activities can be important. The survey second cultivations as a complementary activity, the main crop is paddy rice could be a way to raise revenue, increase employment opportunities and prosperity of rural communities in the study area is the Dashtsar Dehestan of Amol County. 2- Methodology Methods In this research is descriptive - analytical, part of the research data from field studies and questionnaires and interviews, another part of the conceptual and theoretical framework of such data, documents and censuses have been obtained through the library. In the study area, all of villages with 10 households, 40 villages and population of 35.8 thousand were selected. The population consists of agricultural exploiters using the formula Kuchran, with a sample size of 354 households and villages to visit, and information obtained from questionnaires completed by rural households. After data collection and processing software environments in SPSS, ArcGIS & etc., Data analysis and were studied to clarify the issue. This is the first study to examine whether the distribution of rural settlements in the region and interference of various factors, second cultivations, despite the prevailing culture of the rural economy influence coefficient cultures of rice is how much? The present study sought answers to the above question and by reason of the cultures and the residents of the area is welcome. The hypothesis of this study can be developed, it seems that the decrease in rice prices and to get rid of the single-product economy, in recent years, local farmers turned to second cultivations and significant role in the economy of rural households have been allocated. 3- Discussion second cultivations as a complementary economic activity in the dominant culture of the region the rice area in the years before the revolution there, they are often used to your face and a small amount to the sale have been carried out. While the cultivation of these products day after the Islamic revolution has increased and in recent years, the maximum is reached. Local inquiry shows that lack of income from rice cultivation and living expenses not funded by 50 percent, Income increased 30% and 20% unemployment and job creation the main causes of farmer's attitudes towards the second cultivations. In addition, farmers in the region to respond to the question of the extent to which second cultivations are satisfied with the level of their villages? 35.3 percent high and 31.3 percent on average this type of expansion of agricultural activities; have expressed satisfaction indicating that the level of farmers to increase income and enhance their economic potential is. The costs of a rural household in 2008 about the digit 66 million Riyal for each household residing in the province shows, current income is only enough to hold an annual cost of more than half of rural households will. Farmers in the agricultural area are looking for ways to increase your income bringing the second cultivations on one of these income sources will be. Findings show that the total volume of the sample, 100 percent of the exploiters of rice agriculture, with 27 percent of second cultivations and 37 percent are other economic activities. Income in the volume of economic activities in the study area, these results indicate that 47.5 percent of income from rice, 21.3 percent of second cultivations and 31.2 percent to other economic activities such as livestock, horticulture, retail and so belongs. Finally, the volume of net income per rural resident in the area, 22.5 percent of rice, 37.5 percent of second cultivations and 40 percent is other economic activities; Therefore, according to research findings, the economy of rural households in the second cultivations about two-fifths share of net income and income are allocated to one fifth of the volume, the production cost of rice in cultures, as compared with the cultures (vegetables, etc.) has more. 4- Conclusion Appearance of second cultivations in rural areas were started three decades ago, but in the decade to 2000 has been an increasing trend, so that the tendency of villagers to the cultures in 41.4 percent of respondents, is high and very high. Significant role in developing products for the second cultivations to increase farmer's incomes and the needs of society, such as vegetable oil is edible. In case of technical problems such as drainage problems and formulating policies on rice farms and marketing support for agricultural products, the possibility of expanding the area under cultivation in the region, there will be, this additional income will be the fate of farmers. So that second cultivations the share of households in the rural economy in terms of volume, net income 37.5 percent of the total income amount equal to 21.3 percent, is, two cultures of the income ratio to 3.15 against the dominant culture to be rice. Out of difficulties and obstacles in the area for two cultures, the following guidelines may be appropriate in part: A vegetable packing plant, with 3,110 hectares of land available; Create of drying vegetable factory in this area that increased of the area under cultivation of vegetables. Products suitable for the cultivation of paddy land; one way to maintain a stable income for farmers in rice production, introduce products tailored second cultivations of the lands is paddy fields. The use of improved seed varieties and introduce new products and product with the high production efficiency and yield than local varieties, increase the economic income of rural households has to. And support more government oversight of the agriculture sector.