Palinological comparisons of plants during honey bee activity different mounts in Sirachal Region, Tehran Province

Pollens have various proteins، lipids، vitamins and minerals and their presentation in honey brings valuable properties for them. Recognize the kinds of pollen in honey is critical to determine its quality. It shows also the importance of plants used by honey bee. In this research 10 beehives were established in Sirachal Region، between Karaj-Chaloos road، 40 km after Karaj، with 1500 ha area and the altitudes between 1780 to 2910 m. Some of the beehives were equipped with pollen catcher traps and pollen loads were collected every three days. These pollens and the other ones which extracted from anthers were acetolyzed and mouted on microscopic slides. The comparisons were made on the base of pollen characteristics specialties such as: shape، size، number of pores and furrows on two polar and equator views as well as on surface view and optical section. Pollens were observed، photographed and analyzed by live 3000 software. They were studied with scanning electron microscope as well. Direct observsion of honey bee activities on the flowers were conducted and phenology of the plants were recorded. The results showed that 18 families and 85 species were used by honey bee from May to September. The colors of dominant pollens were respectively yellow، olivaceous، orange، dark brown، light brown، dirty cream، dark cream، lemon، white، red، gray and black، which indicated that the activity of honey bee is based on attractiveness of pollens. According to the color of weight dominant pollens were Berberis vulgaris (yellow، 47. 6%)، Acanthophyllum microcephalum (olivaceous، 23. %)، Crepis sancta (orange، 9. 58%). The most abundant honey bee plants were belonged to Berberidacae، Caryophyllaceae، Asteraceae، Rosaceae and Plantaginaceae، resrectivlely. But Asteraceae، Lamiaceae، Fabaceae، Brassicaceae and Apiaceae were the most various families. The size of them were most brought pollens to beehive small and very small، which indirects that pollinations would increase fertilization chance in these plants. Also، the sulcate، echinate and poly porate pollens were more abundant than other ones، because their transport are easier. The spheric and semispheric pollens (44. 7%) were carried to beehives more then others.