Passive Verb in Iranian Languages and Dialects

Passive verb has taken different forms during the history of Persian Language. The following structures are the essential forms of the passive verb since the early times: root/verb stem + passivizing suffix, past participle/infinitive + auxiliary verb, and third person plural of agentless transitive verbs. In contemporary Iranian languages and dialects each of the above-mentioned forms continues to live independently, but sometimes all forms accompany one another. This article by focusing on a number of Iranian languages and dialects, studies the ways of making passive verbs, and then, based on the existing sources, examines the evolution process, ways, and possibilities of producing passive structures in modern Iranian dialects.