فصلنامه سراج منیر
پیاپی 18 (بهار 1394)

Abstract In the Holy Quran, the word of “verse’’ is used about different subjects such as the Quranic verses, miracles of the Prophets and natural phenomena and etc. what phenomena and with what characteristics is “the verse’’ in the Quran? This is a question that we find sixteen natural phenomena in the Quran which have been introduced as a “verse’’. Some of these phenomenalike the heavens and the earth have been introduced as "verse"repeatedly in the Quran, but there is mentioned only once some verses such as clothing and wife. To understand of the “verse’’ of various phenomena, often it is necessary attention to relationship between a phenomenon and other phenomena. This relationship is mostly a causal one. In the Holy Quran is considered different thingsas the verse repeatedly and there is mentioned that firstly, Causal relationship comes from God and secondly, this system is designed to make a profit in the human. In many verses that is introduced a natural phenomenon as “verse’’ are used the words about the sky and accordingly, we can say that the use of the word “verse’’ in the field of natural phenomena is associated with the concepts of the sky.

Amina Wadud is a new Muslim who attempts to have an approach based on the reinterpretation of the Quran according to the hermeneutic method derived from the ideas of Fazlur Rahman which he calls it “monotheistic hermeneutics’’. The most important features of this method are attention to the text reader's mind, language capabilities of language revelation and attention to the historical context of the rise of text. Wadud applies this method especially for Verse about the woman. One of the most important verses in this regard is the verse 34 of Surah Nisa. Wadud tries to do hermeneutic approach of Fazl al-rahman for instance about this verse and achieve an interpretation which is more empathetic with women in comparison to the traditional interpretation. Of course, she also goes a step further in the latest revisions of her thought and he is revised in his interpretation of this verse.

With an overview of the miracles of the prophets we find that the miracle of any prophet has two distinct and indicators aspects which includes: The sensory distinguishing aspect and intellectual distinguishing aspect. As an example, turning of Mosa's cane to Dragon, Coming out of camel of Prophet Salih from the mountain and healing the sick by Jesus and so on can be considered examples of sensory miracles. But that part of the prophetic speech and actions derived from this speech and according to their affirmation, it is revelation and the word of God, includes rational aspect of miracle and basis and title of Prophet Is indicative of the miracles. That is a message from unconventional sources and delivers it to the people, and a common source is wisdom and human thought beside of reason and divine thought. Expression of divine wisdom is the highest and the most characteristic differentia of the prophets; because the human intellect evolves on through time, space and sensory experience. Therfore, humans lacks the ability to encompass future. Here, the purpose of future is not only time adverb, but this means that it is the result and consequence of laws and traditions which man achieves or has achieved it by his thoughts. Therefore, the element of time and place in human experience and reason are both essential, while in the process of divine wisdom, time and place have no role and maps. With regard to expression of divine wisdom in the human intellect, we can be realized one of the strong and continuous manifestations of divine miracle, especially great prophet of Islam at all times.

According to the verses and hadiths, firstly, humans and other creatures have inherent differences in three issues including: perception, discovering of the world, attractions that surround him and the quality of effects of the attractions.Secondly, Human is a creature that both can climbe to the tallest peaks of being and can leave the boundaries of humanity and fall to the lowest levels of existence.Thirdly, exit factors of human from humanity are related toboth perceptual and cognitive areas and have close relationship with his spirits.Reason is a comprehensive title which contains all the things that distinguishes human from other creatures.

Indignation is one of the most fundamental and pervasive emotions in human existence and an important role in maintaining of his position, self-respect and respect for him when he is threatened. Indignation leads individual’s power and energy toward the overcoming on the unjustified obstacles or correction. But if we dont manage indignation advisedly and ethically, it will turn to the behavioral and mental problem that destroys the intellectual, emotional and behavioral regulations of human. Therefore, what must be considered in the category of indignation are positive and negative forms identification and its management with intellectual and moral standards. This article seeks to explain the teachings of the Quran about recognition of the emotion of anger and its types and it provides management techniques of this pervasive and serious excitement. The Quran and following that, noble Hadiths, as the most complete version of human guidance, has clarified the concept of indignation with an overview to its subject and have provided the valuable ways, sometimes directly in the form of command and forbiddance, and sometimes indirectly in format of beautiful and wise stories in order to manage this psychological phenomenon, by mention to its types, the correct way to express and its degrees and its works.

One of very important issues in the field of understanding and knowledge in any school is those who explain their school for other people dont provide the field of their confusion for followers of school by the non-scientific interference. Now, this question is about Islam that wheather as the Holy Quran has given the explanation of religion to prophet (PBUH), he also has give explaining of religion to someone or Some people for after himself which to recourse to it is not illegal for Muslims and therefore, if irresponsible and illegal person pay attention to explaining of the religion, is not valid or he doesnt so. Also if he has determined some people to do this, who are they?! In short, who responsible of religion is after the Prophet (PBUH)? In response, Many Hadiths has remained of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) for this purpose, especially Hadith of Thaqalayn which emphasizes on integral relationship of Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and progeny of the Quran, recourse of people to them and Guarantee about not misleading if people resort to Quran and Ahl al-Bayt (AS). This hadith has imported in Shia and Sunni sources with multiple interpretations, but because of the difference in meaning of Ahl al-Bayt between the Muslim scholars, in practice, mission of this hadith has remained unfinished. This article provides a comprehensive and reasoned theory in this case for readers by a comparative study of the sayings of scholars and Islamic narrators (Sunnis and Shia)about document and content (especially content) of Hadith of Thaqalayn. All Shia scholars and the vast majority of commentators, scholars and Sunni narrators believe that the order of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) in the purification verse and hadith of Thaqalayn, People who are innocent like Quran, God has removed any impurities of them and they are always with the Quran. They are Ali (AS), Hazrat Zahra (AS) and Hasnain (AS) and the nation should refer and resort only to them, otherwise, they will be misled according to prophet.