نشریه یافته های نوین کشاورزی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، پاییز 1392)

In order to study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of sunflower, on experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse stages with completely randomized design and three replications in laboratory and four replications in greenhouse, in researcher Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2013. Treatments included, ultrasonic treatments with maximum (3 w.m-2) and gamma and beta irradiation treatments (2 µc) for 10 minutes laser treatments (6328A°) and magnetic field (40 MT) in three time (5, 10, 15 minutes) on wet seed, hydro-priming for 24 hourse and control. Results indicate that maximum final germination percentage was by seed treatments with laser irradiation for 10 minutes (nearly by 98.33%). Cultivating after hydro-priming, seedling length ratio to control inceased 99%. Highest vigor index was magnetic field treatment for 5 minutes. Highest root length was magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes. Magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes had the most effect on plant height with 93 mm when sunflower seeds that were treated by magnetic field for 15 minutes were cultivated stem dry weight ratio to control increased nearly 121%. Lowest stem dry weight was by gamma irradiation (12.16 g). Results show that physical irradiation treatments are for recommended for increased product.

In order to study of the relationships among the traits, specially relative traits tospike; 30 genotypes of bread wheat were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2009-2010 cropping seasons at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. In this research, 19 traits including grain yield and its components, phonologic and morphologic traits were measured. Based on consequences of correlation analysis, grain yield contained positive and significant correlation with plant height, number of spike per plant, spike weight, spike length, spike width, number of spikelet per spike, number of prolific floret per spikelet, grains number of main spike and grain weight of main spike. With conclusion of stepwise regression analysis, the traits of spikes number per plant, grains weight of main spike and grains number of main spike were entered in the regressional model, respectively and as whole explained 71% of grain yield variation. According to the results of path analysis, the greatest positive direct and indirect effect on augmentation of grain yield were appertained to grains weight of main spike and grains number of main spike, respectively; thus these traits were distinguished as the most cardinal effective components on grain yield.

To study effect of sowing density and nitrogen rate on weeds biomass and some of agronomic traits in grain corn 640 an experiment was conducted in 2013 in research field of Jihad-e- Keshacarzi of Khosroshahr in Nojedeh village in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Studied factors in this experiment were crop density (8, 10 and 12 plants per square meter) and nitrogen fertilizer rate (100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1). Results showed that increasing of density resulted in reduction of biomass of weeds to 27.2% and grain weight increasing in square meter (28.2%) and 300 grain weight. Nitrogen increased maize ear and wood diameter. Number of grains in ear row effected by 10 plants and 300 kg nitrogen ha-1 and showed the higher value (14.7%). It can be suggested that increasing corn density and using 300 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer could be a procedure for decreasing reductions resulted from competitive weeds.

In order to study the effect of applying different herbicides on the properties of wheat, an experiment was conducted in the farming year 2011-2012 on the research farm of agriculture faculty of Islamic Azad University Arak branch, in the form of split plot in the random perfect blocks base plan mode with 12 tretments in 3 repetitions. The treatments included the main factor of herbicides 2-4-D %75 DF, Tribenuron methyl %72 SL and the combination of 2-4-D %75DF + Tribenuron methyl %72SL and the minor factor of herbicides consumption different times included initial establishment, Tillering, stemming and witness with no consumption of herbicides. The experiment results showed that the witness treatment (with no consumption of herbicides), 89.33 cm high and that the consumption of herbicides 2-4-D at the time of stemming brought about the highest (86.33 cm) bush in the spraying using herbicide 2-4-D at wheat stemming was 41.88g. The most weight of straw and mulch was also reported to be 1638.70 g at the time of spraying using the combination of herbicides 2-4-D and Granstar at stemming meanwhile, the least wheat density was at the time of spraying using Granstar at initial establishment.

To investigate the biological effects of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on crop yield, protein and oil Sunflower Nuts (Use landrace) Cultivated land in the city Sonqor falcon factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications were evaluated. Treatments, four levels of fertilizer Biological nitrogen include: Nitro Ksyn, Super Nitro Plus, Nitro Kara, and control of biological phosphorus fertilizer levels include: Phosphate2 fertilized, bio zar, Super Plus and control. The results showed that the highest protein content of sunflower Efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer, biological Nitro Kara (%19/95) and phosphor bio zar (%19/76) Obtained. The highest yield of sunflower protein in biological nitrogen fertilizer Nitro Kara (To the 134/74 grams per square meter) and phosphor bio zar (To the 130/13 grams per square meter) And the combined effect biological fertilizers bio zar* Witness (To the 135/53 grams per square meter) Obtained. Most of sunflower oil on biological nitrogen fertilizer Super Nitro Plus (%29/03) and phosphor bio zar (%29/40) The highest percentage of sunflower oil and fertilizer combination Nitro Kara * Phosphate2 (%31/17)) Obtained. Sunflower oil yield of biological nitrogen fertilizer Nitro Kara (To the 195/93 grams per square meter) and phosphor bio zar (To the 193/18 grams per square meter) And the combined effect biological fertilizers Nitro Kara * Phosphate2 fertilized (To the 213/45 grams per square meter) Obtained.

In order to study the effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer different rates on sorghum forage yield, an experiment was conducted in Agricultural Research Farm of Bojnourd region, Iran on Summer 2010. Experiment was carried out in split plot factorial based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design with 4 replications. Sorghum cultivars included speed feed and MFS1 cultivars in main plots and sub plots were combination of plant density 25, 30 and 35 plant/m2 and nitrogen application rate of Urea source included three levels 0, 100 and 200 kg N /ha. The result of analysis of variance showed that an increase in plant density on the surface unit leads to the reduction tillers. But it could increase plant height and LAI. The highest fresh and dry forage yield obtained in 350000 plants per hectare. Also results showed that nitrogen rate affected all the quantity traits si gnificantly except tiller number per plant, and plant height, in such a manner increased N use from 0 to 200 Kg N /ha increased 9, 12.96 percent in speed feed cultivar and in MFS1 line 10.91, 15.07 of fresh and dry forage yield respectively. The maximum fresh and dry forage yield obtained in speed feed cultivar. Finally it could be stated, maximum fresh forage (82.93 ton/ha) and dry matter yield (14.38 ton/ha) were obtained using 200 Kg N/ha and in density of 350000 plant/ha for speed feed early maturing cultivar.

In order to determine the effect Application of phosphate solubilizating on yield and yield components of theree line soybean in 2010 at aleshtar, Lorestan-Iran.The treatments in cluded with phosphate solubilizate, without phosphatand and theree line soybean,this experiment using completely randomized factorial design with three replication. After reapening plant height, number of pods per plant 1000- seed weight grain yield biologic yield and precent of seed oil and protein. Maximum grain yield and oil seed achived by treat ment of Application phosphate solubilizating of line M7.