فصلنامه راهور
پیاپی 31 (پاییز 1394)

Accurate traffic forecasts has important role in providing real-time data traffic, reduce congestion on the roads and improve traffic safety. In this study, a combination of multi-layered back propagation neural networks to predict the peak hour traffic flow with wavelet transform is used. According to the proposed method, using the wavelet transform, a pre-processing is done on the data volume traffic flows to obtain more detailed information about the dynamics of the problem; then as intelligence, training and testing data is presented to the neural network. Trained network using validated assessment functions and to predict the peak hour traffic volume may be used during the next week. Predictions made to measure, traditional back propagation neural network design and compared the results with the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method, the peak hour traffic flow with higher precision than conventional neural network predicts. The method proposed in this study has been done on the basis of parameters and can be used in practical applications.

In recent years, the number of accident has been increased due to growing of road traffic and vehicles. Major amount of the accidents happens because of information errors. If the drivers’ information about the surrounded environment increases, great development in safety of transportation will emerge. To do this aim, an advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS) can be used which is an embedded device in car. It evaluates the environment, and sends additional information so diver will receive the alarm messages faster and react properly in proper time. There are very different ADAS systems such as cooperative accident avoidance and warning systems, vision enhancement system and dangerous situation warning systems. In this article, our major focus is on cooperative collision warning systems (CCWS). As soon as detecting the hazardous situation, cooperative systems inform driver to react by sending alarms. This article aim at proposing an architecture for cooperative systems to address some methods for accident avoidance and alarm systems, and then discuss their advantages and disadvantages.

A style of driving that traffic accidents are speeding, driving involved. Driving style influenced by personality traits and beliefs, and attitudes and beliefs of a person to choose the features that the speeding driver. The goal of this study is to inspect the role personality characteristic in the prediction of the drivers not authorized speed younker Tehran. The sample includes 150 people for younker that were elected in multi-stage and research instruments include the personality characteristic NEO_FFI scale and authorized speed Feransis scale questionnaire. Research plan was from correlation type. For analyzing the results we used multiple regression analysis method. The result showed that there is personality characteristic in the prediction of the drivers not authorized speed younker and It also concluded that there the most anticipant factor personality characteristic in drivers not authorized speed younker is Neuroticism. The implications of this study can be offered educational programs aimed at reforming the personality characteristics of adolescents and believe the consequences of speed driving are not allowed.

Geometry and traffic corrections of high-ways and rural roads, especially in the accident-prone points, are some of the most effective measures of accidents reduction. Because of the high cost of such measures and limitations in construction budgets, the study of how these corrections can be made for the purpose of maximizing accidents reduction is necessary. In this paper, objective function coefficients of a mixed linear programming model, of the back pack type, with two variables of continuous and discontinuous decision-making, were developed for the necessary corrections. The results obtained by solving this problem showed that from the measures proposed, two measures of enhancing the road width and embedding lighting equipment were not economical and some others such as path smoothing, safety road lining and cat-eyed performance had a higher priority. The results of sensitivity analysis, in the form of a diagram representing objective function variations relative to budget changes, also showed that increasing the budget, up to a certain limit and with a slow slope, could lead to the reduction of accidents, but following that, the slope was to a great extent slowed. This finding can help policy-makers and managers in allocating budgets for accident-prone points and saving costs.

Speed is considered as one of the most important factors in accidents. Using speed management methods and law enforcement by police can be effective in decreasing accidents caused by speed, but a few studies have been done about the effectiveness of these methods. By considering the previous studies information, the main purpose of this study was evaluating the effect of speed law enforcement on decreasing accidents. In this study the highway of Tabriz-Qazvin was examined in order to evaluating the effectiveness of using mobile speed control cameras on accidents caused by speed and SPSS software had been used for analyzing data. Information related to violations, accidents and the number of speed control cameras were collected and evaluated in consecutive years. After calculation it was realized that 33 percent of accidents depended on the number of violations and also 38 percent of decreasing accidents were for the number of speed control cameras.

Today, the crisis and the difficulty of traveling in crowded streets and congested traffic, one of the problems is integral to life in the big cities. The city of Yazd has traffic problems in recent years. Therefore, the present study attempted to first research study ever conducted in the field of traffic and transportation and traffic, as well as interviews with experts, obvious and hidden factors affecting traffic in the city of Yazd is detected. Then, the priority of factors, Topsis method was used in fuzzy environment. Finally, in order to achieve the final model using the ISM approach to the model were mapped to the ability to control and reduce traffic through the expression of communication between the factors. The results of this study indicate that the factors' insufficient of public transportation "and" urban inappropriate construction "had the greatest impact on creating the phenomenon of urban traffic and other factors are also influential.