پژوهش نامه مطالعات مرزی
پیاپی 6 (زمستان 1393)

One of the most important problems and challenges of the developing countries is financial corruption derived from underground economy and trafficking is its clear example. Our country, as a developing country, most recently confronted with a new type of products smuggling in the field of fuel, the dangers of uncontrolled smuggling of petroleum products in addition to threatening the national economy and a crisis in social, financial systems provides the outbreak of security risks. The aim of this research is to assess the effect of economic, social and cultural factorson trafficking phenomenon in Margavar rural district. The purpose of this study is therefore practical and based on descriptive and analytical methods. The statistical population of the research consisted of Margavar ruraldistrict in the southwest of Oroumiyeh. In this study, first,we collect data library of resources. To collect information according to distance of the villages from the border, have been questioned by stratified sampling and randomly selected 10 villages,about 200 families as samples for questioning by Cochran. To draw maps used Arc GIS 10.2 software. Finally, data obtained using Excel and SPSSsoftware (by regression analysis and Friedman test) was analyzed. The results showed that in general there is a significant relationship between factors (economic, social and cultural) and motive of the trafficking (Sig : .000). Also through the Friedman test specified that the economic factor with the degree of importance of 2/52 is the most effective factor in motivation and tendency to illegal activities, cultural factor with1/77, and also social factors with 1/71 ranked as the most important factors tend to be trafficked.

Security making is to pave the way of development in human all aspects and also is under the influence of it andsustainable security is a prerequisite for having a healthy and developed society. In recent years the issue of security of border areas has been seriously considered by the authorities. To lose importance of sustainablesecurity in the border province of our country has led to be concerned this issue necessity. Due to the importance of the border regions, the aim of this study is to evaluate and survey the sustainable security in Kurdistan. This study answers the question what were the major barriers and challenges in the formation of sustainable security and which is promoting security solutions in this region. The study is applied descriptive - analytical, questionnaire-based and of practical. Samples are 35 people and based on the snowball sampling method. In this study, after identifying the weaknesses, strengths points, opportunities and threats sustainable security was analyzed in the Kurdistanby strategic planning model (SWOT) andwere presented strategies to develop sustainable security. The results of the final matrix SWOT show that the stable security situation in Kurdistanis in attack position (SO), and shall, using the strengths points, attempt to exploit the opportunities and be able to achieve to prosperity and development sustainable security in Security Management,. The findings of this study representthat due to lack some of the components of sustainable security in the Kurdistan, officials are required to provide, enhance and create each component of the economic, social, cultural and political-security development.

Awareness of mental health of the military especially the soldiers and its relationship with different psychological component hasgreat importance that should be addressed in several studies. This study aimed to assess the mental health status and its relationship with disease concerns and positive and negative affect among the soldiers. Procedure: The method, here is descriptive-correlationbased. The sample was 221 soldiers of the Border Regiment of Marivan in 92 years who were selected by simple random sampling method. Instruments used including the mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28), Penn Stat Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Data using descriptive and inferential statistics methods including independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and step by step regression through the application SPSS.19 were analyzed.

The results showed that 67/0 percent of soldiers regarding mental health are in a healthy range, 19.5 percent in a range of fairly healthy and 13.6 percent of respondents possess signs of unhealthy. Also 3/6 percent had physical disorders,8/1 percentanxiety, 6/3 percent social performance disorder and 7/7 percent depressive. Soldiers with a history of suicide attempts and self-mutilation and a history of mental illness didn’t possess a good mental health. Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between physical disorder, anxiety, social dysfunction, depression, mental health and disease concerns and positive and negative affect. Results of the regression analysis showed that two sub-scales of social dysfunction and physical disorder, two subscales of physical disorder and depression and two sub-scales of physical disorder and anxiety predict and explain respectively 31/1, 38/3 and 22/3percent of changes regarding disease concern, positive affect and negative affect.

It is recommended, due to the results of the study pay more attention to division of the soldiers and soldiers who committed suicide and self-mutilation and those havinga history of mental illness, or soldiers having higher levels of anxiety, depression and negative emotions shouldsupport more appropriately.

Although physically there is no difference between consecutive rivers and border ones, rules of international law on these two categories of international is the same; in the present study, successive rivers, international rules, judicial procedures and specific legal process are considered for cases so far remain unsaidin the international legal system and intended to determine legal regime of the Hirmand River as a case that Afghanistan compared to Iran is upstream and there is conflictbetween the two countries about 150 years. In our country coefficient dependence on water resources originating outside the country is in the above-digit regional and national insignificant, but is crucial to border the river Hirmand so that Sistan dependency ratio is almost 100 percent. Therefore, from time to time to prevent the entry of the Hirmand River from Afghanistan to Iran this led to the destruction of region agriculture and drought. Of major issuesregarding Hirmand River are crisis and a vital need for both countries to water of the river. Current events in neighboring countries like Afghanistan has made the management of the riverbeforgotten in the territory of Afghanistan, based on existing treaty provisions. This research addressed this important issue in terms of international rules. Used method here is library one which is presented in order to analyze and study past events of texts and documents and also to evaluate problems related to consecutive rivers and give legal solutions. The results of this study show that in the event of a new conflict between the two countries should be investigated and resolved based on international law and existing jurisprudence aggressively “by the competent authorities” of both sides.

The present study examines the factors influencing human relations inIran's border command and recognizing indicators of the factors and determining priorities of each of these indicators. In order to select a representative sample and increasing the measurement accuracy, 300 people were selected by stratified random sampling. The measurement tool of the study was based on two questionnaires with 62 questions that a questionnaire evaluates the existing situation and other one favorable condition. The questionnaire was collected with the help of national and international theories and findings and interviews with experts and then got the final edition based on Delphi. Validity of measurement tools computed by Cronbach'salpha and Test total validity was equal to 0/97. The validity of the measurement instrument validity obtained by that of construct which possessed relatively high load factor. The results of this analysis indicate that the factors influencing human relations of border command including: first factor: interpersonal skills (34/74) secondly, personal skills (27/98), the third factor: the organizational impact (4/17), the fourth factor: organizational knowledge (2/75) and the fifth factor:individual development (2/58) respectively. Results showed that obtained five factors explained72% of the total variance of human relationships border command. The results of the test showed the in groups effects that all the favorable indicators and factors have been approved from the view of samples groups to rule human relations of border command; and results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that elements of human relations in Ardebil and Khorasan Razavi has the highest average which was desirable, but these relations in the province of Mazandaran, Sistan and Baluchestan had the lowest average and was relatively undesirable and was moderate in the other provinces.

Security of a country has always been of concerns and of course of the most important tasks of governments in every arena of time and space; among the cases regarding security of a country,security in international borders and its surrounding is one of the examples related to this issue. The borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the components that affect national security regarding the special population,have always been considered the challenging issues in the security arena. Such a conception of arise from geopolitical realities such as ethnic groups scattering and their settlement in the border areas of Iran, the use of geopolitical ethnicity in the existing occasions in foreign policy in one hand and on the other hand expansion of geo-spatial sequel of border ethnic to other side of Iran political borders. Being border also makes it easy to access to the waves of enemy communications in a way that the enemy propaganda campaign against the Islamic Republic of Iran wasin these areas.Thus in this research, convergence of Iranian border ethnic related to the stability of the national security. The research method was descriptive and analytical utilizing technique SWOT (strengths and weakness points, opportunities and threats) was analyzed the convergence of Iranian ethnic; the library and internet documentary were the research tools. The results indicate that in the convergence of Iranian ethnic the internal strengths 10, internal weaknesses 21, external opportunities 11 and the threat 12 have been a major influence on this issue. After examining the interaction effect between them, on each other and from each other and their qualitative and quantitative analysis, ultimately presented 40 appropriate strategies.

The major root of the problems that occur in each country can be found within its borders. A regional imbalance between development of the border regions and local areas has a negative impact on national security of any nation. Borders greatly affect border interactions; the prosperity and decline of cities and areas and their influence depends on whether the boundary line created new roles for them or not, will disrupt their natural areas. Border areas of country's west because of vicinity with Iraq geographical and political conditions has characteristics of its own and is an integral part of it. This study seeks to answer the question, "With regard to the past, the future and border functions of the West of the country and its impact on national security, what is the explanation?” The present research has a descriptive methodology gather the required data through library and field studies, questionnaire and interview with regional experts, and then from the data collected entered to SPSS software environment and results of the interviewed experts was analyzed. After analyzing the findings, it was determined that border developments in Qasr-e Shirin area heavily influenced by the political situation and developments in Iraq. The presence of America extra-regional actor and other regional actors in preparation and developments process of the new Iraq makes Iran political and security strategies in the face of these realities. The presence of Shiite in top of Iraq's political pyramid, Kurdish element, border issues, the interests of regional actors are concerns that justify and explain these strategic approaches of Iran in Iraq. If these functions and features are disregarded, influence negatively on the region's development and security and will act as a threat to development. But if considered and used in the process of development planning and city planning of Qasr-e Shirin , influence positively and the threat becomes opportunity.