فصلنامه پژوهشهای زراعی در حاشیه کویر
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1393)

In this research the effects of silver nanoparticles behaviors of germination and early growth stages of Thymus kotschyanus L., one invitro experiments, were conducted on CRD with four replicates during summer 2011. The silver nanoparticles treatments were consisted of as follows: 0, 20, , 60, 80 and 100 mg.kg-1 respectively. For germination test, after treating by solutions, the disinfected seeds were placed on Watman paper in Petri-dish, and were located inside the germinator at 20°C. The numbers of germinated seeds were recorded twice a day, in a 14 days period. The germination percentage, germination speed, vigor, the length of rootlet and stem, fresh weight, dry weight were determined. Results showed that the 60 mg.kg-1 of nano-silver particles had the best effect on germination percentage and speed, fresh weight and the length of rootlet in germinator condition. In addition the treated seeds with 60 mg.kg-1of silver nanoparticles showed the highest concentrations of the length of rootlet and stem in greenhouse condition. To prevent the increase of silver in soil and improvement the conditions of germination and early growth of T. kotschyanus, 60 mg.kg-1 of silver nanoparticles is recommended.

Seed hydro priming is a physiological technique that will reduce the time between water absorption and seed germination. In this research, a factorial experiment in completely randomized design with 3 replicates was performed in the laboratory of azad university of varamin for evaluating hydropriming effect on germination and growth indicators of echium amoenum. Treatments were consisted of priming seeds by distilled water in 5 temperature levels of 5 c, 9 c, 12 c, 15 c, 18 c and 21 c and 5 timing levels of 6h, 10h, 14h, 18h and 22 hours. Hydro primed seeds was evaluated by both standard germination and accelerated aging test. In the standard germination test treating at 12 c for 6 hours had a significant improvement for germination percentage and mean daily germination. On growth traits, treating at 18 c for 14 hours had a maximum length and dry weight of radical and seedling. However maximum length and dry weight of plumule was seen in treating at 9 c for 14 hours. In the accelerated aging test, high temperature and humidity damaged on all germination and growth characteristics of echium amoenum. However priming with the highest temperature had improve the viability and seed vigor. Thus treating at 21 c for 6 hours was the superior treatment for improving germination indicators. And treating at 21 c for 18 hours was the superior treatment for improving the growth index. Thus in use of priming, understanding the impact of temperature and time, has a considerable impact on test results.

This research that is a part of comprehensive study of tissue culture of potato to achieve appropriate hormone treatment for direct regeneration of Sante potato cultivar and to determine the best type of explant for direct regeneration has been conducted in 1389-90 for a year. at Islamic Azad University, Varamin Pishva Branch, faculty of agricultural. In this study thermotherapyed plant that emerged from meristem culture Sante cultivar, conveyed to mono bud planting for micropropagation. Then from these plants supplied leaf and internodal explant. Also healthy minitubers from this cultivar has been used to supply explant, that after sterilized conveyed to solid MS medium which supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D, Zeatin and one level of GA3 hormones. These concentrations of hormones included three levels of 2,4-D and Zeatin, hormones, and one level of GA3 Hormone. These plants was placed in light and 20-22 °C temperature to induce direct regeneration. Then after 28-3 days plantlet emerged on explants. Producing and colony of plantlets for use in agronomy was the ultimate purpose of this reaserch.

There is noticeable insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium have not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. Today, the lack of this element have compensate with use of chemical Fertilizer, chemical fertilizer have harmful effect on the bioenvironmental and decrease quality of agriculture production. Literally in nowadays for developing sustainable agriculture execute system with sufficient form inputs with integrated usage of chemical fertilizer and bio fertilizer specially bio fertilizer as a effective solution for replacing Agriculture for produce crop and keeping yield crop in a acceptable level. This study had performed in order to; study the effect of the release Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Hyssopus officinalis L. This experiment performed in the randomized complete blocks base design as a factorial with three frequencies. Two level Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PS1: use Phosphatesolubilizing bacteria), (PS0: no use Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) and five level (P0: 0kg/h pure P2 5), (P90: 90 kg/h pure P2O5) (p115: 115 kg/h pure P2O5), (P140:140 kg/h pure P2O5), ( 165:165 kg/h pure P2O5). In this research used Triple phosphate super as phosphate fertilizer and Baver2 as Phosphatesolubilizing bacteria.This research had performed in Arak in year 1388. The results of this experiment showed that, the mixture of biologic phosphorus and Triple phosphate super, Characteristic. plant height, flower branch height, the number of flower branch,percent of essential oil, yield of essential oil per hectare, noticeable increase with application phosphorus fertilizer treatment as compared with non phosphorus fertilizer treatment.Almost use of 90 Kg/h with Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was best in total Characteristic. Interaction between phosphorus and Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria all of characteristic was signification. it can be concluded that, we can reduce phosphorus fertilizer to 50% in the seeds yield, by using release bacteria, without any significant reduction.

A split plot experiment in form of fully random blocks with three repetitions was carried out to survey effect of water deficit and defoliation on qualitative and quantitative traits of soy cultivar (Williams). Main factors were three water deficit tension (1a: 60mm evaporation from evaporation basin, a: before reproductive growth of irrigation similar to first experiment at the initiation of reproductive stage until harvest based on 150mm evaporation from the basin, 3a: irrigation up to V3 growth stage followed by irrigation with rate of 150mm evaporation from evaporation basin) and sub-factors of variation in resource and reserve (b1: control group, b2: 33% defoliating, b3: 66% defoliating) were also investigated. The traits under consideration in the experiment were yield, weight of 1000 seeds, number of seeds in calyx, proline and super oxide enzyme of dismutase. Variance analysis of the traits under study found to be significantly affected by water deficit and defoliation tension. Under water deficit tension, the plant showed antioxidant enzyme activity increase due to oxidative tension effects, such as dismutase super oxide. In addition defoliation resulted in reduction of dismutase super oxide enzyme activities. Seed yield under water deficit tension (4309kg/104m) showed considerable decrease. Under defoliation V3 it was found that water deficit tension decreased after defoliation increase to 66% of yield.

To determinate the most important agronomic traits of new variety of Safflower, an experiment was conducted on 7 Safflower varieties in 2007-2008 growing season at the field of Karaj Research Institute for Seed and Plant Improvement, as a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. some important traits such as: head number per plant, seeds per head, plant height, days to flowering, days to maturity, were recorded during the growth period and oil percentage, 1000 seed weight, seed and oil yields were measured after harvesting. The genotypes showed significant difference for head number, 1000 seed weight, oil yield, number of secondary branches, dry weight of biomass, harvest index, oil percentage, dry weight of stem biomass, plant height, seed yield. Data analysis showed the maximum of grain with yield 2655 Kg/ha were achieved in PI variety and the minimum of grain yield with 1460 Kg/ha was achieved in K.W.H.10 respectively.so, the maximum oil percentage with 30/25 were achived in PI variety and minimum oil percentage with 25/5 was achived in LRV51-51 respectively. But maximum of oil yield with 802/03 Kg/ha were achived in PI variety and minimum oil yield with 390/27 Kg/ha was achived in K.W.H.19 respectivly. Also head number, 1000 seed weight, oil yield, number of secondary branches, dry weight of biomass, harvest index correlation with seed yield. Maximum levels of CGR, RGR were related to (PI) variety.

In order to study the effects of fungal growth and amount of vermicompost on yield components herb Echinacea purpurea, a pot experiment was conducted in a research station of mazandaran province(amol) during 2014 growsing season. The experimental treatments were arranged as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors in this study were including fungal growth(Glomus intraradices and Gigaspora margarita, combinations of two fungi and control) and amount of vermicompost (0%,25%,50%,75%,100%),The results showed that use of fungal tretments and amounts of vermicompot were significant at 1% on traits of herb height, canopy size,flower diameter,shoot fresh and dry weight, root length and specific root weight of herb Echinacea purpurea. Use of combinations of mycorizal fungi and vermicompost was significant at 1% on specific root weight and was significant at 5% on root fresh and dry weight. Use of amounts of vermicompot were non-significant on root fresh and dry weight and root volume. The highest root length(43/68 cm) was observed in control treatment (without use of vermicompost) and the shortest root length (31/84cm) was observed in treatment of 75%vermicompost.The highest shoot dry weight(12/79 gr) was obtained by combinations of two fungi and the fewest shoot dry weight(9/26 gr) was obtained in control treatment,wthout use of fungi. The highest root volume (60/27 cm3) was obtained by applying 25%vermiccompost and without use of fungi. and the fewest root volume (24/75 cm3) was obtained by applying Glomus intraradices and 75% vermicompost. The highest shoot fresh and dry weight and root fresh and dry weight and specific root weight were obtained by applying combinations of two fungi and 75-100% vermicompost. finally use of combinations of two fungi and 100%vermiopost has been abled to improve 45% herb hight than control herb.

In this study, three cultivars (named varieties include a new line and 2) the names of forage sorghum Speedfeed, MFS1 and MFS2 using statistical design randomized complete block basis to determine the most appropriate in terms of yield and compatibility with climatic conditions of North Khorassan (Bojnourd), three replicates were analyzed Garmkhan region. Consumer characteristics included yield more dry matter, plant height, tiller number, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area index (the most important indicators of growth), leaf and stem dry weight at different times and China were measured and harvesting operation unit area were performed. The aim of the plan to identify the best and most efficient forage sorghum varieties (as one of the first indicators of forage plants) in the arid and semi arid areas, consider the limitations of water resources and forage production is. Based on the estimated variance analysis showed that all these indices affected by genotype, at least at the 5 percent level were significant. The highest yield of dry forage varieties Speed feed, respectively 17, 800 and 3782 values of g m was obtained. Considering the significant positive correlation between growth traits and performance among cultivars was there, so cultivars Speedfeed significant superiority compared to two other lines that nearly had similar characteristics, there. According to the results of late varieties in cultivation Speedfeed region being due to fast growing and having more Speedfeed is recommended.