Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Volume:19 Issue: 7, 2016

Suicide is a conscious act in which the individual deliberately commits an unusual act with the intention of self-harm. There is no information about the total incidences of suicide in the country. The present research was carried out to determine the incidence of suicide attempt in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This study systematically and meta-analytically reviewed the published papers on suicide attempts in Iran during 2001-2012. For this purpose, 31 articles were obtained by searching such databases as Medlib, Google Scholar, PubMed, ISI, Science direct, SID, Medline, Magiran and Irandoc, and the results were analyzed by STATA-11.1 and SPSS-16 through weighted average and Poisson distribution.
A total of 68757 individuals were studied as samples. The incidence of suicide attempt throughout the country was estimated to be 91.65 per 100000; 82.2 in men and 115.79 in women. The maximum number of suicides belonged to Alborz province during 2008 (203 per 100000) and the minimum number was reported for Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province during 2005, (19.8 per 100000). The risk of suicide attempt was found to have increased during 2001-2012.
The incidence rate of suicide in the country is high, higher in women than in men and more common in the age group 24-15 years. The trend of suicide has been on the rise during the last decade; therefore, it is recommended that concerned organizations implement intervention plans to prevent and reduce such attempts.

Drug abuse is one of the most important etiologic and deteriorating factors in periodontal disease. Amphetamines and opioids, the most commonly used drugs worldwide, play an important role in this regard. The aim of this study was to compare the periodontal status of amphetamines and opioids consumers in Kermanshah city, Iran in 1393.
Three drug rehabilitation clinics were selected randomly in Kermanshah. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 amphetamine consumers and 20 opioid consumers were selected randomly and participated in this study. A questionnaire for drug use and periodontal variables was designed. The collected data were entered intoSPSS-18 software and Mann-Whitney and t-test were used for statistical analysis.
Pocket depth, gingival index and gingival bleeding in amphetamines users were more than those in opioids consumers (P Our study showed that periodontal hygine in amphetamine consumers was worse than opioid consumers.

Thyroid nodules are solid or cystic lumps within the thyroid gland. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concordance between thyroid nodules ultrasound reports, based on Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data (TIRAD) System and results of ultrasound guided Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA).
In this cross-sectional study, 144 patients with thyroid nodules who referred to the radiology department of Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah at the request of endocrinologist were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS-21software using descriptive statistics.
The age range of patients was 15 to 78, with mean age 44.86±13.27 years. Of the sample, 141 cases (97.9 %) were female and 3 cases (2.1 %) were male. Based on the results of pathology, 130 (90.2%) were benign and 14 (9.8%) were malignant lesions and sonography result 129 cases (89.6%) were benign and 15 cases (10.4%) were malignant. There was a significant difference between the results of sonography and FNA and Kappa agreement test showed a significant concordance (96%) between the sonographic reports of thyroid nodules, based on TIRAD system, and pathological findings.
The results of this study indicated a high concordance between sonographic reports of thyroid nodules, based on TIRAD category, and FNA findings. Thus, TIRAD-based ultrasound can play a key role in determining thyroid nodules, thereby facilitating patient's management.

Gastrointestinal complications, followed by involvement of gastrointestinal tract with oral lichen planus, are one of the problems of the patients with oral lichen planus. Gastrointestinal symptoms should be evaluated to reject malignancy probability (1-5%). Given lack of information and different reported frequencies in Iran and other countries, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the relationship between oral lichen planus and gastrointestinal symptoms in Razi hospital in Tehran.
This case-control study was performed on 50 patients with oral lichen planus and 50 controls by observation, clinical examination and biopsy, if necessary. Both groups were similar in sex, age, smoking, alcohol abuse and lack of systemic diseases. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as dysphagia, odynophagia, hunger pain, heartburn, flatus, etc. Were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software using chi–square, Exact Fisher and T-student tests.
Of 50 cases (OLP), 32(64%) patients and among 50 controls, 16 (32%) patients were found to have GI symptoms. Hunger pain (18%) and heartburn (18%) were the most common symptoms. Also, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms between the two groups (P Gastrointestinal complications can be a part of mifestations of lichen planus and OLP. Knowledge of gastrointestinal symptoms in OLP patients can be helpful in preventing the G.I tract obstruction and malignancy by on time treatment.

Mindfulness is a mind-body medical technique which is used alone or in combination with other techniques for patients with chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was evaluating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based biofeedback therapy (MBBT) on depression, anxiety and HbA1c in type 1 diabetic patients.
This study was an experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group. A total of 28 patients were selected by random sampling among diabetic patients who referred to Kalar Health Center in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from 2014 to 2015. Then selected samples were then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups, each with 14 participants. MBBT was presented in 8 sessions. Before and after training, depression, anxiety and HbA1c were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS-22 using descriptive statistics, Levene’s test and ANCOVA.
The results of posttest indicated no significant difference between control and experimental groups in depression factor (p=0.475). However, a significant decline was found for state anxiety (p= 0/016), trait anxiety (p= 0/031) and HbA1c (p=0/012) in experimental group, based on the findings of posttest.
Mindfulness-based biofeedback therapy has significant effects on anxiety and HbA1c but no effects on depression in type 1 diabetic patient.

Health is a central pillar of sustainable development and an inseparable part of the prosperity and improved quality of life. Protecting and promoting public health is necessity for every action to be considered in socio-economic planning. Providing appropriate facilities for physical, psychological, social and spiritual health in all stages of life is a basic to human rights and needs. This article aims to determine the distribution and availability of health services in all Iran provinces.
In this descriptive-analytic study, a total of 14 institutional and specialized variables were used. To explain the indicators using Excel and SPSS software, linear TOPSIS method and Human Development Index were used.
At national level, 13 provinces were haves, 5 semi-haves and 13 other provinces have-nots. The research results show that distribution of facilities and health services followed the center –periphery theory. Often, the central provinces are haves and marginal provinces are have-nots.
In order to improve the health indicators, the government should review the distribution manner of medical and health services. To this end, the priority should be given to development of clinics, revision of distribution of general surgeon, pediatrician, internist and pharmacist. Most of the provinces had limitations in this regard.

High incidence of breast cancer in young ages in Iran and the resulting complications for families require more attention to be directed to this problem. Evaluation of electrical properties of living body organs, owing to unique and increasing clinical applications, has attracted many researchers around the world.
The impedance imaging system, manufactured by Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, is an imaging technique with a capacity of determining the characteristics of live tissue in vivo. This technique is based on this principle that the carrying capacity of breast tissue is influenced by the amount of fat, glandular tissue and presence of tumor in breast, as the breast tumor has a different conductivity to the surrounding tissue. The impedance imaging system, designed to determine its efficiency for diagnosis of breast tumor, was evaluated in 17 patients whose lesions were diagnosed by sonography.
The results of impedance imaging system showed that from 49 malignant tumors, 38 tumors were diagnosed correctly and 11 cases were diagnosed as tumors. Also, from 49 healthy tissues, 44 cases were diagnosed correctly and 5 cases were diagnosed erroneously, with accuracy of 83.67.
Given its high performance, this system can be used along with sonography as a clinical tool for medical diagnoses.

The healthcare sector is one of the most important sectors in the development of each country, and the disparities in the distribution of health resources will reduce the level of development. The aim of this study was to examine the physical accessibility and degree of development in healthcare resources in the cities of five western provinces, including Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Ilam, Lorestan and Hamadan by numerical taxonomy method in 2012.
The study sample of this cross-sectional study included 51 cities of five Western provinces of Iran. The physical accessibility and degree of development of healthcare resources were evaluated by numerical taxonomy technique using 23 indicators of health resources. Data were obtained from the statistical yearbooks of provinces in 2012. The data analysis was done by Excel and Arc GIS software.
The cities of Kermanshah and Salas-e-Babajani had the highest (F=0.59) and lowest (F=1.07) degree of development in terms of access to healthcare resources, respectively. Also, 50% of Kermanshah cities, 40% of Kurdistan cities, 37.5% of Ilam cities, 40% of Lorestan cities and about 88.8% of Hamadan cities were found to have good and very good status in access to healthcare services..
This study showed a large gap between the cities of one province and among the western provinces in access to healthcare resources.

The endemicity of chronic hepatitis B infection in Iran is 2% to 7% among other mesoendemic areas in the world. In this cross-sectional study, all barbers’ population (2690 persons), both male and female, were investigated. Data collection was done by a check list. Based on the results, the prevalence of hepatitis B was 0.92%. The prevalence was high in people aged>60 years, barbers with more than 20 years working experience, non-vaccinated persons and in men. The first measure to be taken to prevent hepatitis B is continuous training program for barbers and the most effective and economical prevention method is vaccination.