مجله طب نظامی
سال هفدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 62، زمستان 1394)

Aims: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback training in decreasing the signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in military staff.
This research was a randomized controlled clinical trial study. They were initially screened according to the results of the general anxiety inventory, and then 30 participants who met the exclusion-inclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of neurofeedback training and control group (15 in each group). The population of the study was comprised of pretest, posttest by a month follow up design and a control group by GAD scale and meta-cognitive questionnaire. The experimental groups received 12 sessions of neurofeedback training while the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed by the SPSS Ver. 18, repeated measurement, paired t-test, and the independent t-test.
A significant efficacy was observed in reducing GAD (time after treatment and follow up respectively P=0.001 and P=0.001) and meta-cognitive scale (time after treatment and follow up respectively P=0.001 and P=0.001) and also significant effect size (ES) observed in among neurofeedback training. Also the level of effectiveness in neurofeedback training was significant. The effect size of the recovery for GAD and metacognitive questionnaire was (ES=1.56) and (ES=1.71) respectively.
Neurofeedback training has been considered to be one of the treatments for generalized anxiety disorder in comparison to control group due to its significant efficacy.

Aims: Musculoskeletal disorders are increasing day by day. The prevalence is higher in females, workers, and people with heavy jobs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined and separated strengthening- stretching exercise programs on the frequency of affected areas and improving pain scores in a defense industry complex.
In this quasi-experimental study, all male workers in a defense industry production complex were studied (n=132). The samples were divided into 3 groups of 44 subjects (stretching and strengthening exercise group, strengthening exercise group, strength exercise group). A stretch - strengthening program, standard questionnaires of Brief pain Inventory (BPI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used during this study. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and parametric tests such as paired t- test, ANOVA and Tukey test by spss16 software.
The ANOVA test results showed no significant differences between the groups prior to treatment. After the treatment, there was a significant difference between groups in Brief pain Inventory variables (P=0.017) and VAS (P=0.019). All the amounts of changes, before and after treatments in all the three groups were significantly different in the Brief pain Inventory variables and the VAS. The largest amount of changes was seen in group 1. The most painful areas were respectively related to the knees, back and neck.
Combined strengthening- stretching exercises are effective in reducing the number of affected areas in the musculoskeletal system and improving pain scores.

Aims: Procrastination has negative and inappropriate side effects in organizations. Some of these side effects include productivity reduction, clients’ dissatisfaction, loss of motivation among personnel, increase of absenteeism and displacement them. The purpose of this study was to predict organizational procrastination and life satisfaction according to job burnout and years of career.
This study was a cross sectional research. The statistic population included all the military personnel who were in the military during this study. A hundred people were selected randomly. Data gathering was done by a procrastination questionnaire (Safarinia & Amirkhanirazlighi), life satisfaction (SWSL) (Diener, Emmon & Larsen) questionnaire and job burnout questionnaire (Maslach).
Results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between procrastination and job burnout. There was a significant negative relationship between procrastination and years of career, but there wasn’t a significant relationship among life satisfaction with job burnout and years of career. Regression analysis also showed that the factors of the years of career and job burnout can predict 0/245 of the variance of procrastination.
According to the results, we can say that with increasing the years of career, the amount of procrastination will decrease .Normally, with the rise of the years of career in the military, people who live in military environments become more consistent and their procrastination will decrease. This is while at the beginning of careers, due to inconsistency, as well as further activities of the individual, they prefer to escape from their responsibilities.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the reported cases of pertussis in Iran during the years 2011-2013. This cross sectional study was conducted by using the existing data from 2011 to 2013. The Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from each suspected case to detect Bordetella Pertussis by culture or PCR methods. Data analysis were performed using Chi square test and logistic regression models by SPSS V.16 software after refining.
Among 3629 suspected cases reported from all provinces, 6.6% were definitely diagnosed by lab tests. Univariate analysis showed that confirmed cases were more common among women (7.3% in women vs. 5.9% in men; p=0.045), urban residents (6.8% in rural vs. 6% in rural residents; p=0.195), unvaccinated subjects (9.4% in unvaccinated vs. 4.2% in vaccinated persons; p Results showed that age, particularly under 2 months, could be a main determinant factor for the incidence rate of confirmed Pertussis cases in Iran.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral disinfectant washes before intubation on the incidence of respiratory infections.
In this cross-sectional study which was carried out on patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, 100 patients were enrolled on a voluntary basis. They were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group was given 3ml of 0/2 % chlorhexidine mouth wash for 1 minute in 3 times 30 minutes before intubation. The control group received no intervention. Standard hospital care was provided for both groups equally. The demographic questionnaire was also completed in all patients and they were followed up at 10, 30, and 60 days. Measure of respiratory infections included fever, cough, chest pain, headache, if necessary bacterial culture of sputum and antibiotic consumption. The results were analyzed by SPSS Version 19.
The mean age of patients in the control group was 49.3±17.54 years and in the interventional group was 47.3±18.7 years (P≤ 0.506). The duration of anesthesia in the control group was 2.66±1.46 hours while in the experimental group was 2.31±0.89 hours (P≤0.392). The length of stay in the recovery room for the control group was 38.7±11.23 minutes and for the interventional groups was 34.8± 9.14 minutes. Although smoking was 8% in the control group and in the interventional group was 26%, however, the incidence of fever with respiratory infection in the control group was 20% and in the interventional group, was 4% after surgery (P≤0.014).
Based on these results, mouth disinfectant before anesthesia is associated with a significant reduction in fever and symptoms of respiratory infection. Therefore, it is recommended to disinfect the patient's mouth 30 minutes before general anesthesia when endotracheal intubation is performed on a routine basis.

Aims: The current study has aimed to investigate the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on the treatment of primary headaches in military personnel.
The present study was a quasi-experimental single group with a pre-test and posttest. The method of sampling was convenience sampling. The independent variable was the neurofeedback intervention and the dependent variables were frequency, severity and the duration of the headache. The assessment tool was the Blanchard headache diary. At the end, 15 military personnel with a primary headache were selected. The subjects completed the headache dairy record form a week before intervention as a pre-test. Then the subjects were treated with neurofeedback over fifteen 30-minute sessions, three times a week. At the end of the treatment period, the subjects completed the headache dairy record form for a week as a post-test. Finally, the results of the pre-test and post-test were compared.
The results of the paired t-test carried out on the pre-test and post-test indicated that neurofeedback treatment significantly decreased the frequency (P Considering the obtained results and the dramatic reduce of the headache frequency, severity and duration, it seems that treatment with neurofeedback as a behavioral intervention can be effective in the reduction and treatment of primary headaches in the military personnel.

Aims: Considering the dangers of de-mining operations and the wide area of minefields left from war in Iran, this study has been conducted in order to identify, to assess and to manage human errors among demining personnel, in a demining workshop in war zones at the west side of this country.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015, using the potentials of the CREAM technique, in four main steps. These steps included: task analysis, assessment of working conditions affecting the tasks, determining controlling approaches and estimating the probability of total cognitive error. The linear regression model indicated that working conditions was significantly correlated with the possibility of the total error.
The results of this study show that demining operation is composed of 18 tasks. The maximum and minimum probability of total cognitive error was related to the tasks of the technical exploration group by 0.0099 and the digging group by 0.0031.The most effective factors in performance reduction included: working conditions, available time and the coordination of human and machine systems. Among the nine working condition factors which can affect performance, six of them had a significant level and their P-Values were less than 0.05.
It can be concluded the possibility of human error in demining operations can be declined, by reducing the performance reduction factors through coordinating the available time, working conditions, human and machine systems and on the other hand, by increasing improvement factors by enhancing cooperation and interaction in activities which must be performed with the cooperation of two or more people.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to explain suicide ideation among soldiers based on drug abuse and depression.
In this correlation-based structural modeling study, 176 soldiers were selected using stratified random sampling. The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, The Beck depression Scale and Possibility of Substance Abuse Scale, were completed and analyzed by SPSS and AMOS Software (Version19)
Out of 176 soldiers, 28.4% were at high risk for suicidal thoughts. There was a significant and positive association between depressions, possibility of substance abuse and with suicidal ideation. The final model showed that 74% of the overall variance of suicidal ideation was attributed to depression and substance abuse.
According to the results it can be concluded that the risk of suicidal thoughts is relatively high in soldiers of the Aja University of Medical Sciences. This issue requires serious action by the authorities in order to improve the psychosocial health of soldiers.

Aims: The aim of this research was to investigate the timing factors of ACL agonist and antagonist muscles in athletes with ankle pronation deformity.
In the present research, 15 athletes with an increased pronation of ankle and 15 normal athletes were purposefully selected. Electromyographic signals were recorded by using surface electrode from four muscles (rectus femoris, medial hamstring, lateral hamstring, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and Medial gastrocnemius). The MANOVA method was used as a statistical analysis to investigate muscle timing of jump-landing between the two groups.
Results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in muscle timing of rectus femoris (p=0/007) and vastus lateralis (p=0/002). There is also no significant difference between the muscle timing of the other muscles of the two groups (p≥0.05).
Increased pronation of the ankle along with change in muscle timing of rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles can be a risk factor in ACL injury incidences.

Aims: This study aimed to compare Internet addiction and the components of public health in the children of veterans and non-veterans during the academic year of 3102-3102.
Method and Materials: This research is a descriptive-comparative study. The population included all the children of veterans and non-veterans of high school in the city of Ghods, children of veterans with census method and the children of non-veterans which were selected by simple random method. Finally, after matching in the social and economic variables, 188 students were investigated as the statistical sample. The tools in this study were public health (G.H.Q-28) and Young's Internet Addiction Test [IAT]. Data were analyzed using methods of descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (T-test and MANOVA) using SPSS software.
The findings showed that two groups were ordinary Internet users and there was no significant difference in the use of Internet. The scores of the two groups in the social dysfunction and somatic symptoms didnt differ. This is while the difference in anxiety and insomnia and depression are significant and the children of veterans did not have ideal conditions.
It can be concluded that mental and physical problems of veterans has negatively impacted on their children. Anxiety and depression in children of veterans show educational programs. This means specialized mental health programs for is necessary for veterans and their children.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between organizational justice, organizational commitment and job burnout in military airports staff.
The method of this research was a descriptive-analytic one. The research sample consisted of 90 subjects who were chosen through a stratified random sampling. All participants completed the Niehoff & Moorman (1993) and Meyer, Allen, & Smith (1993) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The results of the survey were analyzed by SPSS19 and SEM (Smart PLS).
The research findings indicated that organizational justice has an average of 45.67 and a standard deviation of 17.17, organizational commitment has an average of 65.14 and a standard deviation of 4.93 and job burnout has an average of (68.67) and standard deviation (4/93). Also, organizational justice has a positive and meaningful relationship with organizational commitment (path coefficient 0.507 and T- Value 14.436). Also, organizational commitment has a negative relationship with job burnout and a meaningful relationship (path coefficient -0.559 and T- Value 9.994). Besides, organizational justice has a negative and meaningful relationship with job burnout (path coefficient :(-0.559) and T- Value (9.994)).
According to the findings of this study, it can be understood that partnership organizational justice has an extremely important role in assist to Iranian aeronautical industry’s managers for identification of weakness and omitting of them and also it’ cause to increase flights safety coefficient.

Aims: The present study was an attempt to assess the sense of coherence and education selfconcept in the children of veterans with secondary trauma stress disorder and normal children in the city of Qom.
The study sample consisted of all seventh and eighth grade students in Qom. These students were chosen by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Based on the number of students veteran children boys (304) and 196 male (total 500) in the seventh and eighth bases are chosen studying in 1393-1394 . Participants were assessed by using the Secondary Trauma Stress Scale (STSS). And then post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans 'children were identified (76 boys, 49 girls’ total 125). The next step is to compare the two groups (children of veterans and normal) sense of coherence and academic self-study questionnaires were completed. In addition, methods for data analysis, descriptive statistics, ANOVA test was used in the MANOVA. Statistical analysis revealed that the sense of coherence and the self-concept of students was significantly affected by Secondary Trauma Stress. It can be also mentioned that the children with Secondary Trauma Stress and those who are differ with each other in regards to sense of coherence and education self-concept.
Psychological problems in the children of veterans led to low academic self-concepts.
Despite the important role of Secondary Trauma Stress and a sense of coherence and academic self-concept in veteran children, educational programs can be used in order to reduce Secondary Trauma Stress disorder.

Aims: Simulation is one of active learning techniques that learners are encouraged to acquire skills and knowledge. This study aimed to determine comparing the effect of lecture and rescue training methods with the war maneuvers on the public aid preparedness in the personnel of the navy's military barracks in 2014. At first, Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to detect normal data, and independent t-test was performed for normal data, and Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used for non-normal data to examine the proposal.

This research was a quasi-experimental study. 132 military personnel were selected by stratified sampling and divided identically in two groups into lectures and training along with combat maneuvers. Multiple-choice test made by researcher was used to determine the level of knowledge before and after the intervention. After gathering information and bringing them into the SPSS software, version 19, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard deviation) and inferential statistics.

The mean score of the subjects before and after intervention was obtained 12.81 ± 3 and 20.59 ± 3.34, respectively. The results of the comparison between the two groups before and after intervention showed that there were significant differences both lectures and practical groups (P

The practical training of military forces with war maneuvers has more impact than lecture training method on the amount of preparation and rescue. It is recommended to be used practical training method of military forces along with war maneuvers for military preparedness.

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of mine protective clothes on reaction time and vision performance.
12 healthy males with mean age 26.83±3.09 and normal Body Mass Index (BMI) was recruited in the current study. Each samples was investigated in climate chamber with 35°C and 30% relative humidity. Physiologic Strain Index score (PSI), Reaction time and vision fatigue frequency was measured with and without mine protective clothes and data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Friedman test.
Without the mine protective clothing the mean PSI was 1.62)0.29(, Reaction time 0.5739)0.048(, Oral temperature 36.5)0.33(, Heart rate 101.33)4.49( and Vision fatigue frequency was 37.65)3.36(. and with mine protective clothing the mean PSI was 3.19)0.36(, Reaction time 0.721)0.09(, oral temperature 37.23)0.20(, Heart rate 111.41)5.16( and Vision fatigue frequency was 35.45)3.26(. Wilcoxon test showed that the differences of variables between two conditions was significant (p=0.002).
Using of the mine protective clothing causes increase in reaction time and vision fatigue due to heat strain that cause human error.