مجله مدیریت نوآوری
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، تابستان 1394)

This paper tries to provide a sociotechnical explanation of formation and transition of Iran’s Defence Industries in the past 50 years. The main framework which can use a combination of technical and social elements in order to make such explanation is the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP). This framework describes transition through interaction of different landscape, regime and niches levels in a socio- technical system such as defence industry, but in the developing world, transition is the path of formation of these levels. To this point, in this paper Bourdieu’s field theory is applied to understand regime and niche formation. According to Bourdieu’s field theory we narrate how niche and regime position as two cores of socio- technical field in Iran defence industry are produced.
Focusing on anti-tank industries, we will elaborate the threefold periods of transition in Iran’s defence industries to “Dual Core Field” by means of Bourdieu’s triple levels of inquiry. As will be seen, in each of these periods - will be named as “the wave”- the defence field and its habitus have certain conditions. In the first wave, exploitation of “Turn- Key” plants in a hierarchal structure occurs. In the second, the hierarchical and tenured environment is broken and the bottom-up forces become active and technological learning accelerates. Industrial regimes in greenhouses grow. In the third wave, the niche cores are formed in the industry field.

Technology diffusion is one of the most important goals of innovation systems, and of course a crux especially in developing countries. Renewable energy technology sector, seriously has the problem of technology diffusion, therefore in recent years, Iran has supported the use of renewable energies. In this paper, the diffusion of renewable energy technologies has been studied. Regarding suitable published sources, it is tried to identify and analysis valid and reliable texts, using grounded theory method. The results revealed a model includes 4 factors: technology supply, demand pull, investment attractiveness, and regulatory conditions.

Reviewing innovation literature, innovation management, open innovation studies at firm's level, tremendous changes in firms’ environment and firm’s tough competitive situations, show the essentiality of taking an open approach for maximising the firms’ value-added by combining firms’ internal capabilities and available external ones. In this research, we propose some essential principles for opening IRAN’s defence firms’ innovation process. By literature reviewing, 21 principles for improving firms’ innovation are extracted and were enriched to 25 principles by taking exploratory interviews with related experts. Then, initial questionnaire is designed and its internal consistency was confirmed with 50 experts and by computing the Cronbach’s alpha. Its validity was confirmed with expert views as well. The extracted principles have been clustered by principal component analysis (PCA) and, loading factor with eigenvalue>1and, varimax matrix with absolute value of factor loading >0.6. The final questionnaire with Likert-scale is designed and was replied by 245 respondents of defence innovation experts and were analysed in LISREL software. The results show defence firms should design and implement an open integrated process firstly, then implement associated infrastructure systems with open approach for supporting this innovation process. Creating suitable organizational context is in third priority because of its time consuming nature.

According to the role of SMEs in economic and social goals and also growing consideration the knowledge based economy, attention to the performance of knowledge based small and medium enterprise is needed more than before. In these companies, innovation is the mainstream of their life. Therefore, in this study the effect of three components of market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and learning orientation on organizational innovation and then organizational innovation impact on the performance of Khorasan Science and Technology Park`s companies was investigated. For this purpose, 90 out of 143 companies were selected. The validity and reliability through survey management teachers and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was approved. The resulting analysis performed using SPSS and SMARTPLS software showed that Entrepreneurial orientation positively influenced the firms’ performance and innovation, and therefore firms’ innovation has the full mediation role in the relationship between Entrepreneurial orientation and firms’ performance. On the other hand, no direct path was found between Market orientation and firms’ performance; however, the paths between Market orientation and firms’ innovation; and also firms’ innovation and firms’ performance are confirmed. This means that firms innovation is partial mediate. About the impact of learning orientation on performance, results indicate that this relationship is confirmed, but it became clear that in these companies learning orientation does not impact on innovation. Thus the mediating effect of innovation on the relationship between learning orientation and firms’ performance is found to be partial.

Today social innovation is a critical and vital issue in communities. However, the study of literature and title show a little integration between various authors; and a wide variety of interpretations and definitions of social innovation are provided. In this case, analysis of existing definitions and presenting obvious, clear and comprehensive integration of social innovation is an inevitable necessity that could help authors in common understanding and reasoning. To this end, by referring to the valid and available documents, 100 valid definitions proposed for scientific and research centre's along with various authors whom practice on social innovation were collected based on three categories of criteria as “purpose”, “focus”, and “nature”. Content analysis method was used to identify the constituent concepts, dimensions and effective elements; and in order to validate the concepts that are extracted, a number of scholars and experts have used Delphi panel method. At the end of this research, findings are presented in the form of seven statements as expressions for the concept of social innovation: “the idea of public goods and services”, “Governance and capacity building”, “social entrepreneurship”, “Business strategy and organizational management”, “New products, services and programs which meet social needs”, “Processes of social change and societal” and “Institutional Change”.

The concept of health in an organization attracted attention to the conditions that facilitate or causing the development of organizational dynamics. Organizational health is not only the organization’s ability to perform effectively, but also continuously improve the organization’s ability to grow. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the organizational health on the organizational entrepreneurs through mediating variable of the creative climate. This study is a practical research from purpose perspective and is a descriptive- survey one from methodology view. The statistical population of this study includes 280 staffs of Iran Chemical Industries Investment Company. In order to collect the research data standard questionnaire have been used. In order to examine and confirm validity of the questionnaire, descriptive validity was used through AVE index. Also Composite Reliability and Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was used for examining and confirming reliability of the questionnaire. The Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyse the data in the SMART-PLS. The results reveal that organizational health influences organizational entrepreneurs and organizational health influences the creative climate. These results also reveal that creative climate influences organizational entrepreneurs significantly. On the other hand, it has been revealed that the creative climate can be considered as a mediating factor in the relationship between organizational health and organizational entrepreneurs.