مجله مدیریت نوآوری
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 43، بهار 1402)

In recent years, the growth of the middle-aged population, the migration of medical staff and the aging of doctors have caused concerns about the lack of human resources in the field of health worldwide and in Iran. However, assuming official statistics are accepted, the number of doctors per capita in Iran (11 doctors per 10,000 people) is well below the world per capita (30 doctors per 10,000 people). In order to balance the health personnel with the population, the first step is to increase the capacity of medical majors in the national entrance exam. In terms of methodology, the study is quantitative (descriptive statistics) and employs scenario planning. Taking the average population growth scenario (1,9%) and defining two scenarios of staying constant or increasing capacity of medical majors (5% annual increase), it was determined that with a 5% annual increase, the number of physicians per capita would increase to 1.41 in 2034, i.e., the desired per capita of the Iranian Ministry of Health. It will reach the Middle-East region in 2039 and the developed countries in 2045. However, the realization of the above alone will not solve other major issues including: 1) the unfair geographical distribution of doctors, 2) the insufficient number of physicians, and 3) the inappropriate distribution of medical specialties compared to the needs of the society.

In order to deal with challenges such as accidents and air pollution, the automobile industry is undergoing a huge technological revolution. One of the solutions to get rid of these problems is the development of autonomous vehicles. Autonomous vehicles can have other positive implications. The purpose of this research was to identify the implications of autonomous vehicles. The research method was such that first, with a limited literature review, the implications of autonomous vehicles were initially extracted and an interview with experts was used as the initial protocol. These implications were removed, confirmed or added to them by experts. The research method was such that the content analysis of experts' interviews was done by MAXQDA software and primary and axial coding was done for the interviews. The findings of the research were that the implications of autonomous vehicles were identified and classified in 6 main categories, 13 sub-categories and 70 indicators (implications of autonomous vehicles). Organizations related to autonomous vehicles technology, knowing its implications, can provide the necessary infrastructure from now on so that they do not suffer from shocks and problems caused by implementation during the development or even the import of autonomous vehicle technology.

Asset pricing models, especially CAPM, are used to determine the expected return on stocks, which is one of the main inputs of valuation using DCF method. Also, setting a rate appropriate to the industry risk, especially for companies that are in the second or subsequent rounds of capital raising, helps to maintain and increase the resources of the facility provider fund. The purpose of this research is to check the possibility of adding a new risk factor based on whether the company is knowledge-based or not to CAPM,. To investigate this, in the first stage (time series regressions) the betas of each portfolio are extracted. In the second stage (cross-sectional regressions) the explainability of the dispersion of the average excess returns of the portfolios using the sensitivity coefficients of each portfolio to the risk factors of the model, is checked. According to the results, being knowledge-based or not is not a new risk factor, but knowledge-based and non-knowledge-based portfolios in the same industries have different CAPM betas. Therefore, it is recommended to use the data of knowledge-based stock companies to find the expected rate of return for a knowledge-based company. Finally, a formula is proposed to relate the expected return found by CAPM to the interest rate of the granted loan.

Financial technology has completely transformed the financial industry. The benefits and of fintech for the financial industry and consumers have not been without challenges. Considering that most Iranian fintech operate in the field of payment, the current research seeks to identify and manage the challenges of payment fintech. The present study was conducted in three stages. In the first step, the challenges of financial technology were identified and screened. To identify the challenges, literature review was used and to screen them, two methods of theoretical screening and Binominal test were used. In the second step, the selected challenges were analyzed by fuzzy dematel technique. Four challenges of fee system, regulatory, security and lack of support of fintech by regulators were respectively identified as the most effective challenges. In the third step, by using the SAST, solutions for managing each of the challenges were presented. Reforming the fee system and the regulation of the central bank are the most important solutions for managing the first challenge. The clarity of the regulatory body and the development of a regulatory sandbox is one of the solutions for managing the regulatory challenge. Using the services of APA centers helps to manage the security challenge.

Today, firms widely rely on coopetition strategy- "simultaneous competition and cooperation between competitors" - to foster their innovation. However, despite its popularity, the impact of coopetition on innovation performance remains unclear. these instabilities can be attributed to their difference in managing their coopetitive relationships. In This study, a Systematic Literature Review was used to seek how to manage coopetition in order to improve innovation performance in collaborative relationships between competing firms. The research is applied in terms of type and descriptive in terms of purpose. Based on the electronic search made from reliable academic sources in the time period of 1996 to 2022 and using inclusion criteria screening, finally 84 documents were reviewed and the results were categorized in 28 themes,7 sub-categories and 3 categories by using the qualitative content analysis method. The results h show that along a phaze model, coopetition management can be divided into three phase: (1) pre-formation - including "choosing coopetition strategy" and "partner selection"; (2) design - including "formal governance", "informal governance" and " establishing mechanisms and routines " ;and (3) post-formation -including "managing coopetitive dynamics" and "managing coopetitive conflicts". The coopetition management framework presented in this research can be useful for those managers who intelligently use coopetition as a way to achieve innovation and open a way for future empirical research.

Organizations that choose the open innovation paradigm for the development of their new products need to use leverage strategies of high diversity in research and development, the key of which is the common platform, in order to increase the productivity of research and development. In this article, using the qualitative method and theorizing strategy through case study and data analysis with the help of foundation data theorizing, exploratively by studying four relatively successful common platforms and through semi-structured interviews and Analyzing the data, the theoretical model of increasing the productivity of research and development based on the strategy of common platforms in the space of open innovation was formulated. In this article, first of all, by studying the waves mentioned in the common platform literature, it was determined that in the open innovation space, it is necessary for research and development organizations to go from the first and second wave of product platforms and supply chain to the product development strategy. To move towards the third and fourth new waves of industrial and multi-directional platforms based on innovation. Secondly, the effective factors for increasing the productivity of research and development based on this approach were formulated in the form of a scientific model.