نشریه پژوهشهای سیاسی جهان اسلام
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 14، بهار 1394)

In this article we are studying the representation and visualization of TV’s foreign news about Palestine crisis and TV’s role in Tehran citizen’s conceptualization and visualization about the events of this territory. Our main goal is analyzing and assessing audience’s conceptualization about world’s events through TV’s foreign news. For reaching to this goal we used two methods consequently: content analysis and survey. At first, pictures and events that repeatedly have been broadcasted about the events of Palestine were analyzed. Then, Tehran citizen’s mind frames of crisis in this area were measured by using questionnaire and pictures. At last, the adaptation of TV’s foreign news contents and audience’s mind frame were studied. The results show that Tehran citizen’s point of view about the situation of Palestine and clashes factors, peaceful and stable situation, being hopeful, orientation and extent of violence is coordinated and aligned with TV’s foreign news. In other words, Tehran citizen’s attitude towards situation of Palestine, in most cases, in terms of type and severity of orientation, to a great extent, is coordinated and aligned with TV’s foreign news. So it seems that television has had relative success in shaping public opinion in foreign events area.

Civilization is a human heritage and social phenomenon that is supporting a given society and its structures and also is related with human. This paper is about the societies as the starting point for understanding of civilization. Islam is an universal religion and Islamic conquests have been as a means of its development and Islamic invitation has reached from Arab Peninsula to distant lands. Since a nation’s language and literature can never be abstract and useless, with advent of Islam, not only Arabic affected on other nations’ language like Iranians, but also was influenced by them. Iranians paid special attention to Arabic because they regarded it as religion’s language and they had to learn it to develop their thoughts. The goal of this paper is to explain deep cultural and social ties between Iranians and Arabs and its role in acceptance of Arabic as the world’s religious and scientific language. Thus, Iranians helped to evolve Arabic language and literature by different methods like compilation and translation various works. This paper is trying to study some aspects and dimensions of this issue by a descriptive- analytical method and based on original texts.

The Egypt army as a powerful institution has always played an important role in the political scene in Egypt and is now at the helm in the government is facing with important challenges. From one side, Egypt›s military rule has the main responsibility of maintaining the security and on the other hand, it is faced with internal pressures in its attempt to make the necessary changes and refining system inherited from the Mubarak era. The recent developments in Egypt and the insistence of the military on the traditional rules and the lack of acceptance of modern approaches and elimination of the Brotherhood Islamists and other parties can lead us to expect a worsening the relations between the military and other political leaders in the future which will destabilize the military rule of General Sisi. Despite of adoption different behaviors, from 1952 up to the July 2011 revolution, Egypt›s military position has become institutionalized in the country. During throughout this era, the armed forces have played an important role in the internal and external equations and according to the clutter and confusion in the Egyptian society, it seems this institution will remain as the main actor in the political and economic stage of Egypt.

Arabia considers Iran the main source of instability in the region and believes that Iran seeks to dominate the Sunni Arabs through creating Shiite crescent. Especially after the Islamic Revolution, two countries have been as the rivals in the Persian Gulf. Ideological competition is considered as the core of competition in the areas of geopolitics, geostrategics and geoeconomics. In recent years, Relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran have been tens due to political developments in the Middle East is. Saudi Arabia saw Saddam's collapse as the Shia empowerment and promotion of the Iran's regional place and end of Sunni dominance on Iraq. Also enhancing Iran's regional place after the revolutionary developmentes in the Arab world and Iran's nuclear agreement has led Saudi Arabia to get to this perception of the threat that Iran's regional power and influence have been increased and as a result regional balance of power is changing in favor of Iran. After changing Arab World's revolutionary developments to civil wars, areas of competition and confrontation between Iran and Saudi Arabia extended from Lebanon and Palestine to Syria, Iraq, Bahrain and Yemen. So that these areas have become arena of proxy war for these two regional and ideological rivals. This article tries to study concepts of unity and the proxy war theoretically and to examine the fluctuation of relations between Iran and Saudi Arabi and dimentions of regional rivalries of these two countries. The main question in this paper is what is impact of regional rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia on the proxy wars between them? This article's premise is that regional rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the fields of ideological, geopolitical, geostrategics and geoeconomics have triggered proxy wars between the two countries.

Arabic Spring and its consequences, particularly in Syria and later its civil war, has led to fundamental changes in political layouts and alignments in the region and beyond it. One of the main effects of these developments is the deepening of the ethnic and religious divisions in the Middle East and consequently new alignments of national and subnational actors. Subnational ethnic-religious groups in the region, especially in Iraq and Syria are the most active and effective actors. Islamist fundamentalists and terrorist groups such as ISIS along with ethnic groups (Kurds) have greatly changed political and geopolitical developments in Iraq and Syria. Analysis of the new alignments in the framework of three Sunni, Shi’a and Kurdish crescents and geopolitical consequences of these developments, has faced the world with the most critical milestone in the Middle East history especially after World War I. After a century, for the first time, Middle East’s geopolitics and existing Westphalian order changed because of Islamic fundamental domination over some parts of Iraq and Syria. In this paper, we have tried to clarify some aspects of these geopolitical developments and their effects by a descriptive and analytical method, based on library and internet resources and studies.

For representation of idealogy of dominating social institutions, news media rebuild and represent reality in a manner which show legitimation for «us» groups and delegitimation for «other» groups. Significance and sensitivity of the Middle East crises made writers of this research to survey all kinds of delegitimation of Iran and Shiite by utilizing analytical– descriptive method and according to Van Leeuwenʼs model (2008) in Saudi Arabia English- language articles in online news sites like: Al Arabiya, Al Sharq Al- Awsat and Saudi Gazette during 2013 and 2014. This paper attempts to answer this question that how and by which techniques and more on which topics, the news sites delegitimize Iran and Shiite. Data analysis of this research shows that approach of Saudi Arabia in opposition to Iran and Shiite ideology is in line with the West policy and also Saudi Arabiya’s news media have mostly delegitimized Iran and Shiite in three basic matters which include social and cultural issues and individual, ethnic and minority freedom, the nuclear program and sanctions and finally, fighting against terrorism and negative role of the Shias.

ISIS represent portrait of the supra-national youths crowd from different parts of the world including Europe and the U.S.A. This constructed and destructive community, to a great extent, is an outcome of the speedy and universal mobilization of foreign fighters from around the world. World Jihadists’ entrance to the Islamic world and their extremist and defiant inclination is not a new phenomenon, but their quantity and its sequential and steady trend in one hand, and very great number of foreign Jihadists in the other hand, represents an unprecedented or rare pattern; so that it can be regarded at least as a one of the most basic and important factors – if not the most important one- for persistence and the power of ISIS groups. This paper is aimed at understanding of the causes of dislocation of Jihadists from Western modern societies and joining to ISIS and their activities in the battlefields. Inspired by theoretical framework of Erving Goffman’s theory of stigma and Hannah Arendt’s theory of totalitarianism, the article supposes that the main reason for joining to ISIS groups is the disillusionment, identity crisis and stigma of these fighters arising from the Islamophobia phenomenon in West in order to giving meaning to self, free of regrettable identity situation and maintain and represent their values.