مجله بیماری های مشترک انسان و دام
سال دوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

Brucellosis, is one of the most important health problems in humans and animals in the worldwide, especially in our country's where livestock is a major source of employment and income are considered. The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of brucellosis in patients referred to Urmia city Health Center, during the years 2004 to 2010, to identify high-risk groups and businesses associated with the disease.The research method is a descriptive – analytical. Statistics patients of Urmia city health center and on specific objectives for the study were collected under the supervision Relevant officials. After encoding the data were analyzed using spss software And frequency distribution tables and requirements indices were derived And Chi-square and Fisher Exact tests were done in the same environment. During the study period, 980 cases of brucellosis were reported. (53/3%) males, (47/7%) female, 4/5% urban and 95/5% were rural. The highest number of patients in 2004 (224 persons) and the lowest in 2009 (92 persons). Considering the job highest frequency (39/6%) of the women were housewives. The mean age of most patients (95/26%) were in the second decade of life. And lowest (4/24%) were aged 60 years and older. Most patients in June (12/95%) and lowest in January (3/77%) were reported. Vaccinating livestock and inform people to Recognize the disease and Transmission routes,is the best way to prevent disease.

Toxoplasma gondii, is a zoonotic parasite found worldwide that can result in congenital infection and abortion in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of awareness of pregnant women about toxoplasmosis. In a descriptive cross sectional study, 1192 pregnant women randomly selected who visited health centers in Shiarz, Qom and Khorramabad cities and responded to questionnaires which were collected and analyzed using chi square test. Out of the 1192 respondents, only 128 (10.7%) had heard the word toxoplasmosis of which Khorramabad presented only 7% and Qom 14.8%. Those respondents in this study that attributed the acquiring of the disease via interaction with cats amounted to 10.2% of the total. As to the awareness about other ways of being affected by the disease, 7% of the respondents chose soil as a conduit, 2.9% cited fruits and vegetables, and 3.4% selected meat as another contributor to toxoplasmosis. Of the total participants 4.8% believed that the disease caused the abortion. Overall, there was a significant relation between the knowledge level of pregnant women and their education level as well as the educational level of their spouses (P

The coenurosis and hydatid cysts are similar to each other when are found in muscle and subcutaneous tissues and the main point if doing this study is to differentiating these two kinds of cysts. Of 726,429 Number of sheep and goat that were slaughtered of the abattoir of Isfahan during the2012, all were inspected and the cysts were collected and were studied. According to the keys in Parasitological books and articles the cysts were identified. Coenurus cerebralis were reported at 254 goats (with1211 cysts) and 22 sheep (with131 cysts). Most of infections were observed in (6-9 months), including 88 sheep and 22 goats. Diaphragm muscles showed the highest rate and neck muscles showed the lowest rate of infection. Coenurus cerebralis were observed in 3 goat's with15 cysts in them but was not detected in sheep. Also, the highest infection were observed in diaphragm muscles and in the middle ages was not found in goats but it was observed 28 sheep with 45 cysts in them.

Brucellosis is one of the most important infectious and zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. Despite its control program, the disease is endemic in Iran and remains one of the most important public health problems. The aim of this survey was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in order to evaluation of the status of bovine brucellosis combating program in the bovine industrial ranches in Eivan City. This study was conducted on 346 Dairy cattle in the industrial ranches in Eivan from July to August 2013. After serum separation, Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) was done for all samples as the primary recognizing and screening test, and then Wright and 2-Mercaptoethanole (2-ME) tests were done on positive serums to make the final diagnosis. Of total 346 serum samples, none of them were positive for brucellosis by rose Bengal plate test. The prevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle in the industrial ranches in Eivan City was recorded zero. The rate of Seroprevalence in the study area is indicates bovine brucellosis combating program in the dairy cattle industrial ranches in Eivan City have been influential and effective. However, the results have a meaningful difference with the prevalence of disease in the human population.

Cryptosporidium is an apicomplexan intestinal protozoan parasite, which infects the gastrointestinal tract of domestic animals and humans and causes varying degrees of naturally occurring diarrhea and even death in neonatal farm animals and infected animals can be a potential risk to public health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in sheep in Kurdistan district, Iran from March to October 2013.For this purpose (Cross sectional study), 180 fecal samples were collected randomly from 200 farms in 9 villages in Sanandadj district, west of Iran. Moreover, all the animals in this study were aged 1-14 months. Fecal samples of animals were collected directly from their rectum. The fecal samples were then fixed as quickly as possible in 10% formalin for preserving until further examination. Moderately thick fecal smears were prepared and air-dried. After methanol fixation, the fecal smears were stained by modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining. The stained smears were observed under microscope with a ×400 to ×1,000 magnifications. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in lambs in Sanandadj suburb were found 6.1%.The prevalence of the infection according to age groups in lambs were as follow: less than 6 month of age 18.75%, 6-12 month: 5% and up to 12 month: 2.27% (p˂0.05). The prevalence of the infection according to sex groups in lambs were 1.85%in male and 7.94% in female animals.

Maternal immunity to Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is very important. Unimmune women during pregnancy may be at risk of Toxoplasmosis. The parasite can be transmitted to the fetus through the maternal placenta and , causing severe complications.
The aim of this study was to determine the sero-epidemiology of Toxoplasmosis in pregnant women referred to Razi Laboratory in Ghorveh in 2013. In this cross-sectional study blood samples were collected from 146 women of 15-44 years of age. Then, levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among 146 samples, 44 (30.14%) cases were positive for IgG and 4 (2.74%) for IgM. The higher and lower frequency of positive titer of IgG were associated with 35-39 age (64.28%) and 15-19 age (7.14%), respectively. There was a significant relationship between toxoplasmosis and age (P 0.05). Also, the results showed that all women have a history of consumption of raw vegetables. There were no significant relationship between toxoplasmosis and Washing method of raw vegetables (P 0.05). 69.86 percent of selected women in the study were seronegative.So, It is necessary to avoid the risk factors during and before the pregnancy for women via health education and it is recommended these women to be tested for toxoplasma, at least once, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy .

Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Felidae especially domestic cats are definitive hosts of this parasite. The aim of this study was to investigate histopathologic changes caused in cats following experimental infection with this Rh strain of this protozoan parasite. For this, samples were collected from stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, spleen, brain and eye of infected animals. Infection were confirmed in cats by serological and clinical evaluations. Histopathologic evaluation revealed changes in most of infected tissues. Cell vacuoles and degeneration of muscular and glandular tissues were seen in stomach tissues. Two cats that were confirmed to be infected serologically had no stomach changes. Evaluation of cardiac muscles showed degenerative changes in three cats. Evaluation of intestines showed degeneration of Liberkohn cells, degeneration and necrosis in Ileum. Spleen showed necrosis and cystic changes especially in white pulp. Four cats had kidney tissue degenerations. Lungs had atelectasis, emphysema and interstitial pneumonia. Increased microgelia, neuron degeneration, congestion and inflammatory cell infiltrations in brain and mild cystic changes were seen in pancreas.

Linguatulosis is a zoonotic disease, in which human plays the role of both definitive and intermediate host and can be occasionally infected. In this survey 799 cattle were randomly selected during 4 seasons and prevalence rate considered to season and age was evaluated in two industrial abattoirs in Tehran province. Analysis of data was done using Chi-squared test. The results of this survey showed 258 (32.3%) cattle were infected with linguatula serrata nymph. Among three age groups, l. serrata nymph infection was 31.2 % in 0- 12 month, 29.6% in 13-18 months and 38.3% in => 19 months. L. serrata was more prevalent in slaughtered cattle during winter (45.6%) and the lowest prevalence rate was in summer (25%). Our results revealed high infection rate of lymph node in slaughtered cattle in Tehran province, therefore the importance of postmortem inspection at slaughterhouse needs to be emphasized.