پژوهشنامه جغرافیای انتظامی
پیاپی 10 (تابستان 1394)

A sense of security as a phenomenon which is a compilation of personal, psychological, and social factors, under the influence of direct and indirect experience people from different social conditions that human beings to achieve a healthy life and the continuation of social relations are in need of it. In this regard, the present study attempts to analyze social security in different aspects of security- physical, financial, cultural values, family, moral, business and economic, and social- in four regions of Ardebil city. It is a cross-sectional study with functional purpose. Data were collected in two library and field forms. A sample volume of 381 people was selected for each area using the Cochrane’s formula. The sampling procedure was quite random. The results suggest that there is a significant difference between urban areas and social security so that the fourth area has the lowest social security and the second area has the highest. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between social security, age, sex, level of education, and job. In other words, the sense of security among people aged 35-55 years is more than other age groups. The sense of security among well-educated men and people employed in governmental jobs is high, too. According to Friedman rating test, the second and the fourth areas had respectively first and third areas were placed in the 2nd and 3rd ratings.

Ecological segregation is one of the issues raised in the stable social security in urban areas. Anbarabad one of the small towns in the southern province of Kerman that the residential neighborhoods where the social fabric of their family. In recent years the migration of relatives living in the outer areas; social issues has caused especially ecological segregation and neighborhood in the city. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect ecological segregation and neighborhood-oriented and social and political stability and lasting security in Anbarabad city. The research was descriptive, analytical and statistical society is the residential neighborhoods in the Anbarabad city. According to Cochran's sample size of 384 residential neighborhoods in the city that was selected using random sampling Quota method. Sustainability indices and social instability was identified and the data collection and weighting the indices were in the process of the Koopras model were analyzed. The results showed khodaafarin Town neighborhood, neighborhood, town, Imam Khomeini, left the neighborhood, and the neighborhood Nrmashyriha have the highest segregation. The neighborhoods also have the highest rate of collisions between tribal and political bias. Yazdi neighborhood, Afshar, and Sardoiy to has the least amount of segregation. The results Koopras showed: Khodaafarin (74/55), Nrmashyryha (77/51) and the town of Imam Khomeini (81/65) sustained the worst situation in terms of social security indicators. Yazdi (100), Afshar (86/39) and Sardvyyha (85/20) respectively show the most favorable situation. According to the results confirmed the hypothesis can be concluded ecological segregation problems in areas of social stability and sustainable security Anbarabad had negative impact on neighborhoods.

Half of the users of urban spaces are women and the sense of security is of factors influencing the use of these spaces by women. One of the urban spaces that has received less attention and its security is of considerable importance to women is pedestrian overpass. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the spatial security of pedestrian overpasses in the city of Rasht, employing physical (local), functional (performance) and environmental-behavioral (cognitive) indicators from the perspective of women using these spaces. Descriptive analytical method is used and data collection approach is survey using questionnaires. The Statistical population is women over 18 years of Rasht who use pedestrian overpasses and they are selected randomly, 30 for each pedestrian bridge and 270 in total. The results show that the sense of insecurity perceived by women in pedestrian overpasses in Rasht is more than average in all three indicators and the greatest sense of insecurity perceived by women is within the physical indicator and the functional indicator plays the minimal role in the women's scense of insecurity. Pedestrian overpass of Janbazan toward Imam Hossein Square also has the lowest average from the point of view of sence of insecurity felt by women and pedestrian overpasses located in the Shahid Beheshti Boulevard and then Khorramshahr Boulevard are the most insecure ones among pedestrian bridges. The most important factors influencing the feelings of insecurity and fear in women using pedestrian bridges in the city of Rasht, are darkness in bridges at night and the lack of adequate lights installed in pedestrian bridge especially during 19:00-24:00 hours. The results highlights the necessity of correct planning and design of pedestrian overpasses and paying attention to women as one of the major users of these bridges more than before.

Increase environmental security (based on how people receive from their environment) in order to improve the "urban spaces" of the most important approaches of developed countries in the field of urban planning and "environmental design" are considered. What is called subjective and objective security is as a result of the structure and layout of environment. Due to the structure and layout of environment, the criteria and standards for the design of urban spaces for the increase should be considered. CPTED approaches, including approaches based "Reducing crime through environmental design", emphasizes. Depending on the spatial distribution of parks and access them with diverse functions. This study aims to explain the impact of operation of parks in the security and safety of citizens (Based Approach CPTED) Pay. With regard to the changing nature of the test and Kruskal-Wallis, The SPSS software to evaluate the average sense of security is used in each of the parks. The research method is descriptive – analytical and the survey was used to gather the opinions of citizens. Using a sample of 360 questionnaires were distributed at 6 Park Sari prepared Research results show that 99% significance level Union Park dominant in the study area with work gloves - communication provides the highest sense of security for citizens But the martyr Forest Park farm near Surrey Park accommodations dominant performance when placed in spaces where citizens have the lowest sense of security.

This article takes a different approach with the geography of crime as it has already raised more geographical research. In fact, instead of examining the distribution of crime in the city, investigate the criminal action in Mashhad. This paper attempts to analyze the spatial distribution of criminals in the city of Mashhad in terms of residential status, to find effective factors. Regression models are used to analyze the dependent criteria by OLS and GWR models. Shows the results; the regression coefficients is 68 and 74 percent. The higher ability of GWR represent at the end. In this model independent criteria are immigration, illiteracy and green spaces which have a significant effect on the criminal’s settlement that further analysis can be less safe spaces for offenders and reduce its attractiveness to criminals in the residential neighborhoods

Evidence suggests that in the event of accidents, the potential for insecurity, social disorder and crime increases and the occurrence of both events with violations and social chaos of urban traffic management is difficult.In this study, 6 main criteria to determine the network's physical and spatial area 21 Tehran And using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Was used to assess the vulnerability of the network in the event of accidents. During disasters this method involves the main triple a) - matrix of pairwise comparison, b) - a measure of weight calculation, c) - Determination of agreement. The above three steps using Expert Choice software accurately than the agreed 03/0 has been conducted. This research is descriptive and analytical - and the purpose it is applied. In collecting the data library - based questionnaire survey of expert opinion is used. In this study, using some of the capabilities of GIS software to analyze several major objectives in the management street networks of crisis events in the 21st District in Tehran that the potential vulnerability of the region based on physical conditions is shown. Based on the output maps and statistical analysis of the results، Town of North Cheetgar, town shahrdari, town Vilashahr,town Esteghlal and town 22 most risky and town Vardavard, town Darya and town Tehransar e gharbi of the safest areas of the Municipality, District21 And other vulnerabilities in the region are relatively low.