فصلنامه آموزش و اخلاق در پرستاری
سال چهارم شماره 2 (تابستان 1394)

The cause of many errors in caring and treatment team are inadequate access to information at the time of decision making. Therefore, clinical decision support systems are used more and more as the central core of health information systems and their main purpose is to reduce preventable medical errors.
This systematic review atticle was conducted by searching the English databases between 2005 to 2015 and Persian databases from 1384 to 1394; were selected 35 article of nursing decision support systems.
The findings showed that the decision support systems can be used in the field of nursing care, and nursing education, as a tool to support clinical decision-making and education for nurses and nursing students.
It is Important that, the use of nursing decision support systems should not be replaced by a decisions of nurses and other education methods in nursing, But must used as a tool for decision support and education method along with other methods. Also interaction with nurses in the design and implementation of the system has great impact on their effectiveness.

Job motivation is the issues that can effect on the performance & leadership style of supervisors is one of the effective factors on nurses job motivation
This is the descriptive study of correlation. ¡The tool is questionnaire. That is completed by nurses. The second questionnaire ,is the leadership style questionnaire including 15 task-oriented leadership style items,20 relation-oriented leadership style items. The study population employed nurses & supervisors. Method of sampling for supervisors is capitation &for nurses is as easy &the sample is 82 person of nurse&12 person of headnurses. Data analysis is used from the chi-square&whitney for the test.
Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the score in the area of task-oriented leadership style of head nurses in the field of material inverse relationship with motivation score (004/0 = P and 341/0 = r) and between the nurse's motivation in the spiritual realm (002 / 0 = P and 363/0 = r), material and spiritual (238/0 = P and 04/0 = r) there is a direct relationship. In the context of the relationship between the leadership styles of humanism with head job in the field of material incentive score Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a negative relationship (004/0 = P and 31 / 0- = r), respectively.
The positive relationship between spiritual leadership, motivation and empowerment that is, to motivate, provide information and devolution, involving them in decision-making, can be prepared empower employees

Nurses consist the major part of human resources in the national health system. The quality of nursing services, and consequently public health, has a direct relation with job satisfaction in nurses. The effects of job satisfaction are very broad and can affect the quality of nurse's lives, the reduction of work fatigue, decreasing stress, increasing the quality of care and enhancing patient's satisfaction. This study was conducted to determine the relation between job satisfaction and the quality of life.
This study was a descriptive – correlative study conducted on 93 nurses of shabestar fatemiyye hospital in 2015. Nurses were selected by consensus method. Data collection tool included demographic questionnaire, WHOQOL-BREF job satisfaction questionnaire. After completing the questionnaires, the data were collected and analyzed by SPSS21 and applying the descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and analytic statistics (pearson correlation coefficient).
The mean of quality of life in nurses was 3.13±0.62 and the mean of job satisfaction was 2.76 ± 0.72. There was a statistically significant relationship between job satisfaction and the quality of life (p There was a positively significant relationship between job satisfaction and the quality of life. Job satisfaction, generally speaking, was moderate among nurses.

Professional ethics commits nurses to doing their professional activities in the right way. Complying with professional ethics has been known as an inherent part of nursing. The present study aims to evaluate nurse's compliance with professional ethics.
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 nurses working at the university hospitals of Peimanieh and Ostad Mottahari, Jahrom, Iran, in 2013. Sampling was based on the census method. The data gathering tool consisted of a valid, reliable (r=0.95) questionnaire including two sections of demographic information and 38 items in 7 domains related to professional ethics with a 5-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and analytic statistics via SPSS v. 16.
The mean of the participant's total professional ethics score was found to be 4.08±0.08 out of 5, which was desirable. There was no significant correlation between any of the nurse's demographic characteristics and compliance with nursing professional ethics (p>0.05).
It is suggested that the nurse's satisfactory compliance with professional ethics be preserved and improved through the establishment of active educational classes by ethics committees.

One of the main responsibilities of nurses is to give medicine to patients. If this task is not properly carried out, it leads to pharmaceutical errors that will be a moral challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting pharmaceutical errors from the perspective of nursing staff in Ilam educational hospitals.
This was a cross-sectional study in which 120 nurses working in educational hospitals in Ilam were selected randomly. The study tool was a standard two-part questionnaire that Part I included demographic information and Part II consisted of three areas of nursing, ward and nursing management and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS: 16 software and descriptive and statistical analysis.
In the three domains of nursing (fatigue caused by working (58.3%)), section (high workload in the ward (65.8%)) and nursing management (shortage of nurses compared to patients with (70%)) were the most significant factors that have led to pharmaceutical errors and psychological problems (19.2%), similarity in patients’ names (10.2%) and how to supervise the section (12.5%) were the least common factors, respectively.
Given that the highest incidence of pharmaceutical errors was allocated to nursing field, from the perspective of nurses, therefore, intervention should be a priority in planning. It is recommended that some measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of errors by raising nursing wages and benefits and reducing shifts per person during the month and increasing the number of nurses in proportion to patients.

Moral distress is a major problem in the nursing profession and is of high prevalence. The study aims to investigate the rate of moral distress among the nurses working in Cardiac Care Units (CCU) and its relationship with demographic characteristics.
In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 60 nurses working in Cardiac Care Units (CCU) participated in the study following a cooperation announcement and on the basis of inclusion criteria. Corley's Moral Distress Scale (MDS) was completed by participants and the results of study were analyzed by SPSS:15.
According to the results of descriptive statistics, it became clear that nurses working in Cardiac Care Units (CCU) suffer from 10/7 -69/2 of moral distress in the range of moderate to severe. Based on the two-way ANOVA, no significant relationship was observed between demographic variables such as age, marital status, work experience and average weekly working hours with an average score of moral distress.
There are high rates of moral distress among the Cardiac Care Unit nurses. Educational programs regarding moral distress for nurses is recommended. Moreover, convening committees to plan and resolve ethical dilemmas for nurses in hospitals can be an effective step in addressing this problem. More studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to be conducted in different hospital wards.

abiding with ethical discipline in nursing leads to improving nursing services and promoting the patient’s health. Due to the fact that patients are the most critical elements in health care organizations, this study was carried out with the aim of determine compliance with professional ethics and its relationship with associated demographic factors from the vantage point of patients in 2014.
This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted with the cooperation of 210 patients in different sections of five selected Shahid Beheshti hospitals in Tehran using simple sampling. Gathering data was done using a questionnaire including two sections of individual characteristics. The validity and reliability of the professional ethics questionnaire was approved. The SPSS 16 software and descriptive statics were used for analyzing data.
48/78 percent of patients evaluated nurses’ compliance with ethical discipline in a good level, 44/8 percent of them in average and 6/9 percent in a weak level. According to independent T test, there was a meaningful correlation between compliance with professional ethical discipline and sex (P The professional ethical discipline has been abided by nurses in a somehow satisfactory level. So it is recommended that through periodical evaluation of professional ethics with a client-centered method to remove the obstacles and establish reeducation courses, we witness a yet better compliance with professional ethics in the health system.

Delays in the delivery of patient care is among the most common errors that threaten patient safety that increases mortality and hospital costs. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the incidence of delay in the delivery of patient care and investigating its relationship with nurses’ working environment.
This is a correlative study. Through a stratified sampling method, 300 nurses were selected from selected hospitals affiliated with Tehran university of Medical sciences. Data were collected by a three questionnaires consisted of demographic data questionnaire, nurses’ working environment Index questionnaire and delay in the delivery of patient care questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16, Pearson and Kruskal-Wallis test and t-test.
The mean of delay incidence in a three-month span for each nurse was (21.54 ± 9.92) (high) and the mean for nurses’ working conditions was (67.34 ± 14.8) (desirable). No statically significant relationship was found between nurses’ demographic characteristics and the incidence of delay in giving care to. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the delays in providing care and nurses’ working conditions (p Delay in the delivery of care to patients is a common error in health centers. Given the significant relationship between the incidence of delay in providing care to patients and nurses’ work environment, it seems essential that managers make effective strategies to improve working conditions for nurse.