نشریه راهبردهای کارآفرینی در کشاورزی
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

This study has been established with an aim to find the solutions for developing and strengthening internet businesses in agricultural sector. The study has used an applied research type through a surveying methodology. The statistical population consisted of 21 managers of manufacturing, packaging and distribution factories and companies who were active in the agricultural internet businesses in​​ East Azerbaijan province. The research tool was a questionnaire which was validated by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated by using Chronbach alpha test (α= 0.92). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods and structural equation modeling used to five the solutions for developing and strengthening agricultural internet businesses. The results showed five grouped factors in this regard. The first factor namely extension solutions with 18.54 percent of variance was the most important factor. The items named legal, technical, academic and cultural solutions were the next factors that determined 69.89 percent of variance summative. Based on the results, some recommendations were drawn for the development of internet businesses in the agricultural sector of east Azerbaijan Province.

Correct evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities could enhance the likelihood of success and neglecting of this process could cause business failure. This study seeks to identify what are the significant factors in the evaluation of business opportunities in organic food industry and what is the degree of the importance of each factor. The research statistical populations were entrepreneurs of organic food industry in Golestan, Isfahan, Markazi, Gilan and Khorasan in 2013, that 16 of them selected based on Krejcie and Morgan tables. The most important tool of data collection was the standard questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by specialists and its reliability was computed using Inconsistency ratio (0.08), which shows its reliability. The results indicated that evaluation of the business opportunities in organic foods sector include five factors and thirty-two sub factors. The most important factor is market and the organic segment, characteristics of the entrepreneur, financial, investment and technology, are prioritized respectively. The proposed framework in this paper which indicates the main criteria on evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities is a good reference for future survey researches.

The aim of this research is to investigate the level of entrepreneurship morale of agricultural students in Yasouj University. The statistical population of this study consisted of all freshman and senior agricultural students who were studying at Yasouj University in 2012- 2013 semesters . Accordingly, 207 students were selected by using stratified random sampling formula. Data collected through researcher-made questionnaire the validity of which was approved through expert's views and its r eliability was confirmed by Cronbach-Alpha coefficient. The findings of the research showed that 75.4% of students were at average level of entrepreneurship morale. Also the result indicated that there was no significant difference between male and female students in their level of entrepreneurship morale. The comparing means of characteristics of entrepreneurship (t-test) revealed that there was significant difference between male and female students in their level of ambiguity tolerance. In addition, there was no significant difference between freshman and senior students and students of different fields in terms of characteristics of entrepreneurship morale. This finding suggests that the university trainings could not lead to an increase of entrepreneurial morale in students. Therefore, it is suggested that more communication established among the university and centers of entrepreneurship and nurture of the entrepreneurial morale should be considered during the design and presentation of educational programs. Furthermore, it should be more attentive to the practical aspects of lessons as well as the theoretical materials content in accordance with what there is in the facts and action.

According to importance of education and training of semi-skilled labors for employing in various production and services sectors and also importance of pre and post researches on performance of such training, this research aimed to evaluate the entrepreneurship of agricultural specialized training in the technical and vocational training organization according to the standards of the International Labor organization. To conduct this evaluation, the data related to the earned income, the final evaluation scores, number of visits for advice and the received loans of a sample of 100 graduates of various branches of agricultural sciences from technical and vocational training center of Babolsar during 1389 and 1390 were collected and after averaging was used. In the first stage, the affecting intensity and direction of graduate's income from three mentioned independent variables using a linear regression was measured and in the next stage the relationship among these three independent variables and the efficiency of graduates in a Data Envelopment Analysis framework was evaluated. The results of this study indicates that despite of a positive and significant effect of three variables of the final evaluation scores, number of visits for advice and the received loans on the earned income of the technical and vocational training center of Babolsar, the performance of these three variables can be increased. Therefore, some more effective planning and policy makings are required.

The purpose of research was to investigate influencing of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial spirit and skills of the students in Miandoab agricultural education center. This study was descriptive-correlation research and used survey method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students in Miandoab educational center who have passed the entrepreneurship 3-credit course. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s table and proportional stratified random sampling technique, 178 students selected as research sample. The validity of the questionnaire was verified through the judgment of a panel of academic staffs in Tarbiat Modares University. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients calculated for the main scales of the questionnaire (0.60 to 0.85). Based on the results, there were significant differences between entrepreneurial spirit and skills before and after passing the entrepreneurship course. In other words, entrepreneurship education has caused improvement in entrepreneurial sprit and skills of the students. The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that 36.8 percent (R2­= 0.368) of the variability in education level and location and previous experience of the entrepreneurship capabilities.

Increase the number of female students in the universities, the role of entrepreneurial characteristics on the employment of graduates, as well as the importance of agriculture and consequences of disregarding its, has led to evaluation the entrepreneurial characteristics of girl agricultural students in this study. The population of this study randomized is 1780 and 336 female subjects were selected . After the test, correlation test and t, the results show that most students (apart from the characteristics of ambiguity tolerance) in the risk-taking, thought fluid, activism, internal control, need for achievement, challenge and visionary are not an ideal condition. There is a significant difference between male and female students in characteristics: activism, need for achievement, tolerance for ambiguity, challenge, visionary and entrepreneurship. But there is a significant difference between male and female students in the characteristics: thought fluid, internal control and risk-taking. In terms of individual characteristics, there is a significant relationship between the type of diploma and risk-taking, need for achievement, thought fluid, ambiguity tolerance and entrepreneurship. But the father’s job is not relationship with any of the characteristics except risk-taking. There is relationship between skill and experience in business, tolerance for ambiguity, Tendency to start business relationship. There is no significant difference in any of the entrepreneurship features between first year and fourth year students. These results show that the need to plan for increasing entrepreneurial characteristics of women in higher education due to the strategic role of agriculture in independence and welfare.

Entrepreneurship is one of the effective factors in rural development. Entrepreneurial is the process of upgrading the technology by creating a new business or organization The process of rural entrepreneurship in villages of Kerman Township takes place slowly. Therefore, this study investigates rural entrepreneurship development components. Research method is library and field work. After defining the indexes and variables of the research through a questionnaire, the necessary statistical data are gathered. Face validity of the questionnaire is obtained using the supervisor professors’ opinions and structural validity is obtained using factor analysis and KMO coefficient, whose amount was 0.67. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach Alpha Coefficient whose amount was 0.88. The sample population was estimated 150 entrepreneurship people. Results of research showed that entrepreneurs are generally young. The results of the study showed that the entrepreneurship among the entrepreneur was the average level and also education level in entrepreneur was lower than the level of higher education. Results of research showed that the component of entrepreneurial related: psychological, skills, personal and infrastructure factors were important respectively.