فصلنامه مدیریت بحران و وضعیت های اضطراری
پیاپی 24 (تابستان 1394)

This paper aims to offer a support model required during crises. It is a descriptive/analytic research work with practical orientation which was carried out using the survey method. The research population included 150 people from among whom 50 subjects were selected on the basis of a statistical formula and simple random sampling method. The data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and the Cronbach's alpha formula.
The results reveal that three integrated, agile and pure logistics systems can be used as the main dimensions of the desired support model in crises. Moreover, the eleven accepted components in crisis situations, in order of priority, are: integrated targets, integrated design, integrated performance, fast response, technology, flexibility, customer care, waste elimination, continuous improvement, standardization and being up-to-date and these dimensions have been derived from integrated, agile and pure logistics.

Natural incidents and disasters have delayed the development process of Iran more than that of other nations of the world. Nevertheless, in the social and theoretical literature of social developments in the country, this issue has been marginalized and not received due consideration. The existing theoretical literature in this field has been influenced mainly by the approaches of medical sciences, engineering and morphology. One of the important factors to consider in this context is the role and standing of people. This article, which is based on the findings of a research project, deals with the role of people’s participation in rescue operations and the factors influencing it.
Based on the final analyses, it can be said that the rate of people’s participation in rescue operations is a function of their level of knowledge and awareness of the disaster and the safety recommendations offered by official institutions and organizations, belief in the positive consequences associated with participation experience and direct contribution in the past incidents, empathy and collective responsibility, and individuals’ sense of powerlessness and inability against the order of the universe and the incidents caused by it.
Reviewing the status of public’s participation in studies and theories related to incidents, this paper attempts to explicate the subject under consideration.

The performance ofStudents Basij in 2009 sedition is, in fact, an important factor which guarantees the effectiveness of the activities of this organization in fighting against soft threats. The main objective of the present study is to provide the necessary awareness about the performance ofStudents Basij Organization in fighting against the soft threats facing theIslamic Republic and its peripheral objective is to provide the necessary awareness about the cultural, political, scientific and research activities of Students Basij aimed at fighting against the soft threatsfacing theIslamic Revolution, particularly in 2009 sedition.
The conceptual model of the present study is the summing up of the activities of Students Basij in fighting against the soft threatsfacing theIslamic Revolution. This study was conducted using the survey method and the data collection instrument was a questionnaire. The sample included 43 senior managers who answered the questions related to the activities of Students Basij in the past, various aspects of soft threats, potentials and capabilities of Basij members and the effective role playing of Students Basij. The collected data, related to the activities of Students Basij in cultural, religious, scientific, political and research areas in 2009 sedition, was analyzed using the SPSS software.
Based on the findings, the performance ofStudents Basij in fighting against the soft threats facing theIslamic Revolution (a case study of 2009 sedition) in cultural-religious, scientific, political and research areas was found to be suitable and sufficient.

Political crises are among the critical issues which, at times, have challenged the Islamic Republic System. A review of America’s approachduring the past 37 years and the way the threats have been dealt with by the leader of the Islamic system need to be considered and explored. It is essential to find out how the policies and strategies of the Supreme Leader have made the enemy fail in all arenas and inevitably retreat. Therefore,exploring this important issue and enhancement of the spirit of following the orders of the Supreme Leader is one of the main priorities of the country in dealing with these threats. Reviewing the political life story of Imam Khomeini and Imam Khamenei,this article will evaluate a part of the capabilities and soft power of the Islamic Republic.

Crisis is an inevitable reality in social life. Crises are inherently a context for threats and opportunities which, depending on the type, severity and extent of crisis environment, can put political systems and leaders in difficult and precarious circumstances. Stressing social crises, this article intends to deal with the principles, fundamentals of and approaches to crisis management. The results reveal that the most important element of crisis management is understanding the principles and causes of crises. In McCarthy’s words, the main purpose of crisis management is to find a reasonable solution to remove the unusual circumstances so that the fundamental values and interests can be maintained.
Given the multiplicity of limitations in crisis conditions (short decision-making and response time, surprise and limited access to information), crisis managers should not mistake mistakes in diagnosing crises and crisis situations and using crisis analysis and understanding the basic elements of the crisis (crisis nature, crisis history, crisis resources, extent of the crisis, etc.), they should establish a correct course of action in order to control and manage the crisis. The four factors of human, culture of the community, structure and strategy are essential in crisis conditions and the more deeply the managers understand these four factors, the more effectively and successfully they can manage and control crisis conditions. To successfully manage crises, a crisis manager needs to follow a systematic approach based on the least damage and the principle of continuous improvement and constantly hunt for the early signs of a potential crisis so that he/she can control crisis with the least damage. Hence, dealing with different principles of and approaches to crisis management is one of the significant issues of the present article.