مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 117، تیر 1395)

The existing bone is regarded as an important criteria in dental implants. In this regard, the radiographic modality is of great significance in quantifying the remaining bone, and CBCT accurately represents height and width of the existing bone. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency distribution of the edentulous posterior mandibular ridge types using cone beam computed tomography in an Iranian population.
In this cross-sectional descriptive study, CBCT scans of 127 patients with full edentulous mandible with an average age of 61.15 were evaluated who referred to a radiology clinic in Tehran. The images were analyzed applying OnDemand3D application and bone height and width of each area were determined. To analyze the collected data, SPSS software (ver,17) was employed applying Fisher's exact test.
The ridges were classified in 4 different groups (A,B,B-w,C-w). The frequency of ridge types A and B in male and ridge types B-w and C-w in females were demonstrated to be higher. An increase in age led to a reduction in the frequency of type A and a rise in the frequency of type C-w. The mean bone height was higher in males in all areas. In addition, the mean bone width was higher in males in all areas except for the first molar area.
The study results indicated that as the age increases, the height of edentulous mandible reduces, while no significant relationship was detected between the bone width and aging. As a result, with aging the evolution of bone was held to be from type A to type C-W.

Reducing unnecessary laboratory tests is an essential issue in the Intensive Care Unit. One solution for this issue is to predict the value of a laboratory test to specify the necessity of ordering the tests. The aim of this paper was to propose a clinical decision support system for predicting laboratory tests values. Calcium laboratory tests of three categories of patients, including upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and unspecified hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract, have been selected as the case studies for this research.
In this research, the data have been collected from MIMIC-II database. For predicting calcium laboratory values, a Fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno model is used and the input variables of the model are heart rate and previous value of calcium laboratory test.
The results showed that the values of calcium laboratory test for the understudy patients were predictable with an acceptable accuracy. In average, the mean absolute errors of the system for the three categories of the patients are 0.27, 0.29, and 0.28, respectively.
In this research, using fuzzy modeling and two variables of heart rate and previous calcium laboratory values, a clinical decision support system was proposed for predicting laboratory values of three categories of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Using these two clinical values as input variables, the obtained results were acceptable and showed the capability of the proposed system in predicting calcium laboratory values. For achieving better results, the impact of more input variables should be studied. Since, the proposed system predicts the laboratory values instead of just predicting the necessity of the laboratory tests; it was more generalized than previous studies. So, the proposed method let the specialists make the decision depending on the condition of each patient.

Coronary angiography is a common procedure in diagnostic and treatment of cardiac heart disease. After angiography, the patient remains on bed rest for at least a further 6-24 hours in order to reduce the complications at the groin site. Due to this enforced supine position bed rest and immobilization, patients frequently experienced low back pain. The present study aimed to determine the effect of bed rest time and sandbag on the intensity of low back pain after transfemoral coronary angiography.
In this clinical trial, 228 patients were selected using a simple sampling; they were divided randomly into 3 groups. The patients in the control group for 4 hours with and 6 hours after the removal of sand bag (totaling 10 hours) had complete bed rest. The patients in intervention group 1 for 6 hours with and 2 hours after the removal of sand bag (totaling 8 hours) and in intervention group 2 for 4 hours with and 3 hours after the removal of sand bag (totaling 7 hours) had complete bed rest. In these 3 groups, the intensity of low back pain was measured by pain numerical scale at zero, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and the day after angiography.
None of the patients in the control and experimental groups developed vascular complications and hemodynamic disturbance. Finding of the present study revealed that a significant statistical difference was existed in relation to low back pain for the patients in intervention group 2 (p Based on the finding of this study, early ambulation can be safe for patients undergoing transfemoral coronary angiography without any instance of vascular complications and hemodynamic disturbance.

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is one of the third wave behavioral therapies in the field of in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on school phobia in children with type 1 diabetes.
This was a semi-experimental study, including pretest-posttest and follow up with the control group. The participants of the study were all girls aged 8-12 years old with type 1 diabetes referred to Najafabad town in 2014-2015. Instruments used in this study was “screen for child anxiety related disorders”(SCARED). Childeren filled measure of anxiety, and among them, 24 childern whom were suffering with school phobia were selected and then assigned randomly into two experimental and control groups (n1=n2=12). For subjects in the experimental group, 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy, each lasting 120 minutes, were offered and control subjects received no therapy in this while. Six month later follow up was executed.
Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance method (ANCOVA). Results indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy reduced school phobia in the students with type 1 diabetes and it showed a persistent recovery on symptoms after six months of follow up.
After all, the results of the current study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy can be used for reducing school phobia.

Background and Angiogenesis has a role in many vital processes also many developmental processes are influenced by an electromagnetic field. In the present study the synergic effects of silver nanoparticles and low-frequency electromagnetic field on angiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM).
In this experimental study, (Ross strain ) on the eighth day incubation of embryonated chicken eggs were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml of silver nanoparticles. Then on tenth day, the eggs for 3 hours were exposed to the electromagnetic field. The twelfth day, the samples were photographed and the number, length of vessels, weight and Crown-rump were analyzed with software Image J. hemoglobin content were tested with derabkin assay. Silver nanoparticles antioxidant activity was assessment. Data were analyzed using spss 16 software and ANOVA statistical test.
The average number and length of vessels and hemoglobin content decreased in treated groups with silver nanoparticles and Electromagnetic fields. synergic use of silver nanoparticles and Electromagnetic fields reduce the average number and length of vessels and hemoglobin content than using one alone. Antioxidant assay showed that silver nanoparticles inhibited free radical production.
Synergic application of biogenic silver nanoparticles with electromagnetic field significantly reduced angiogenesis CAM comparing to use one of them.

Propofol is an injectable anesthetics, which is used as sedation in surgery operations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the analgesic activity of chlorpheniramine, and its comparison with morphine and fentanyl ( opiod agents) in intraperitoneal propofol anesthesia in mice.
40 adult male mice were randomly assigned in 4 groups. Anesthesia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of different combinations including: group1 (Normal saline and propofol), group 2 ( chlorpheniramine and propofol), group 3 ( morphine and propofol) and finally group 4 (fentanyl and propofol).
Time of surgical anesthesia in group 1 ( 12.7± 3.5) was shorter than group 2 (23.3 ±4.4) , group3 (25.2 ± 6.5), and group 4 (27.4± 3.7) (P Based on the present results it is concluded that opioid agents (morphine and fentanyl) were induced good analgesic and anesthetic statues in combination with propofol in mice. Compared to morphine and fentanyl, chlorpheniramine analgesia is poor. Thus, chlorpheniramine ( H1 antagonist) could be used in mice as analgesic and premedication agent in minor operations that there is no need to potent analgesics.

The mitral valve prolapse is a heart syndrome that is characterized by considerable physical and psychological consequences for affected patients. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing worrying, generalized anxiety and panic attacks in patients with mitral valve prolapse.
This study is quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest and control group. 16 patients with mitral valve prolapse divided into to two groups: experimental (n = 8) and control (n = 8) groups. CBT was used during 10 sessions twice a week with a focus on cognitive restructuring, modification of cognitive distortions and training of behavioral techniques for the experimental group. For participants health concerns spot and doush (HCQ), Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD- 7) and Albania panic scales as pre-test, post-test.
Data were analyzed by covariance analysis. The results showed that worrying, anxiety, and panic attacks significantly reduced in the experimental group.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is remarkably effective for reducing fear, anxiety and panic patients with mitral valve prolapse. Therefore, it is recommended for the patients with mitral valve prolapse that cognitive behavioral therapy can be used as a complementary therapy.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the public health priorities. Consumption of oral contraceptives increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and it still remains a concern. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure on pill contraceptive low-dose levels on homocysteine and nitric oxide.
In this cohort ( retrospective prospective) study, 100 women with normal menstrual cycle aged betwen 20-35 years old refered to health care centers of Yazd, Iran in 2015. This study was conducted through face to face interviews by the researcher who asked for demographic and anthropometric characteristics. Anthropometic indices was measured and the levels of homosysteine and nitric oxide was determined. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi- square test and ANOVA by SPSS 21.
The mean and standard deviation of homocysteine levels in the exposed group acompared to non-exposed group were (3/848±2/357 μmol/L) and (3/284±1/616 μmol/L) as well as the mean and standard deviation of nitric oxide in the exposed group were (p-value=0/41) and (181/360±90/44μM) and in the non-exposed group were (162/654±90/913 μM) and (p-value=0/29) , respectively.According to these results, there was not found any statistical significant difference among these results.
Taking low dose oral contraceptives in healthy women did not change any differences in homocysteine and nitric oxide levels as a modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease.