مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 5 (پیاپی 118، امرداد 1395)

Leptospirosis is a bacterial and zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira species. Gilan province is an endemic region for this disease due to its humid climate with heavy rainfall. The aim of this study was serological diagnosis of leptospirosis in persons referred to Astara central laboratory .
A descriptive, cross-sectional study of human leptospirosis was conducted during February-May 2015, 98 random serum samples were collected from persons referred to Astara central laboratory of Shahid Beheshti Hospital. All serum samples were serologically tested by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) using live antigens representing Leptospira interrogans serrovars: Gripotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Hardjo and Pomona.
The result of this study showed that the rate of positive reaction against serovar, positive MAT was found in rural housewives between 60 and 69 years old and the highest serological titre was measured to be1:200.
It was concluded that the low prevalence of Leptospira.spp in Astara city could be attributed to the increased awareness of transmission routes of this disease, improved hygiene and sanitation practices, avoidance of contaminated water and mechanization of farming.

Involving the parents in caring of premature newborns is one of the best and effective manners for preventing the hospitalization of premature newborns. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of mother – baby skin- to- skin care on neonatal outcomes in preterm infants, in Kosar hospital.
This was a descriptive comparative study conducted on 400 nulliparous women with premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Kosar hospital during April 2012 and March 2015. Sampling was performed via convenience sampling. Sample population divided into two groups, one of them 200, the kangaroo care and non- care groups. The data were obtained by a researcher prepared check list, including mother’s demographic characteristics and neonatal outcomes. Both descriptive and statistical analysis methods were applied. For analyzing the data, chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression tests was applied (P The results showed that neonatal outcomes such as birth weight, frequency of breastfeeding, length of hospitalization of infants, re-admission, needing incubator and oxygen aid, hospital acquired infections, jaundice and hypoglycemia were significantly lower in the intervention group (P0.05). In the intervention group, the relationship between maternal variables and neonatal outcome was significant (P Mother – baby skin- to- skin care has a positive effect on neonatal outcomes. Thus, supporting and awareness of premature infants’ mothers in order to implement this type of care can reduce the neonatal complications. Moreover, it is effective in decreasing the treatment costs.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders and diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases. Controlling the blood glucose level in the patients suffering from depression is more difficult than in healthy individuals. This study aimed to assess depression, anxiety and stress in diabetic and non-diabetic people.
This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out using data from the health survey of people in Yazd province (YAHS) in 2014-2015. The sample size of this study was 3514 participants. DASS21 questionnaire was used to measure stress, anxiety and depression. The data were analyzed using SPSS20.
The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in diabetic patients was 42.4%, 48.7% and 45.6% and in non-diabetic people was 35.5%, 34% and 38.3%, respectively. The study revealed a meaningful relationship between diabetes and depression, anxiety and stress. The highest rate of depression in diabetic people was found among women and single people. The highest rate of anxiety in diabetic people was found among women and the people with education levels lower than diploma and people having diabetes effects. The highest stress was observed in women as well as single people having diabetes effects (P Due to the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in diabetic patients, psychiatric consultation and the treatment of these disorders is recommended.

Epilepsy is the most common disorder of the central nerves system. Patients suffering from epilepsy can experience a wide range of neuropsychological disorders such as impaired memory, disturbances in attention and information processing. Due to the effect of anticonvulsant carbamazepine and its effect on the memory and learning, the aim of this study was investigating the effect of Carbamazepine on passive avoidance learning in male rats seizure model.
30 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 230±20 g were used in the study. Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups. Seizure was induced by administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ: 60 mg/kg, ip). After induction of seizure the learning and memory of rats was tested in shuttle box. Latency to enter the dark room memory was evaluated as indicators of learning and memory. The data were analyzed by one way variance analysis and Tukey’s test using SPSS.
Pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures (PTZ) in acquisition group significantly reduced the latency to enter the dark room (P This study showed that the administration of Carbamazepine in seizure rats can cause the increasing learning and memory impairments in rats by Pentylenetetrazole.

After cardiovascular disease and cancer, stroke is the third most common cause of death in the most industrialized countries. The aim of study was assessment of relationship between the effect of Boswelliaserrata aqueous extracts infarct volume in rat stroke model.
Five groups, each consisting of 7 male wistar rats, were studied. The groups consisting of control, sham and three treatment groups received aqueous extracts Boswelliaserrata for 30 days (50,100 and 150mg/kg day, respectively). The control group received distilled water, while in ischemia induction and sham group they did not receive distrill water. Two hours after the last gavaged dose, overly group with 7 pieces operated for measurement of amount of infarct volume and neurologic deficits. (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model). The data were analyzed via ANOVA test.
In comparison to the ischemia group, pre- treatment aqueous extracts Boswelliaserrata with the doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight indicated a meaningful difference. In addition, median score of neurological violation was significantly reduced through aqueous extracts Boswelliaserrata consumption in the doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight, compared to the ischemia group.
According to this study, aqueous extracts of Boswelliaserrata can reduce the amount of tissue damage caused by stroke and neurological protection.

Tooth decay is the most common chronic disease of man in the world and dentists should receive the capability to accurately diagnose of tooth decay during the training courses. In addition to clinical examination, the panoramic view and intraoral radiography is usually used for the caries detection. Therefore, the detection of caries on X-ray images can have a role in treatment planning.
In this analytical study, 10 panoramic radiographies that randomly selected, separately given to 30 senior dental students and 2 professors (in order to determine the gold standard). Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 software, diagnostic tables and indexes were prepared and the results were analyzed by Kappa test. Moreover, in order to determine the agreement between the professors and students about the depth of the decay the weighted kappa coefficient was used.
The kappa value about detection of presence or absence of proximal caries between professors and students's diagnosis was 0.428 (P value=0.001). Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value obtained by students in caries detection were %47, %91.9, %63 and %85.3, respectively. Coefficient of agreement in detection of depth diagnosis obtained by professors and students was 0.361(p value=0.000).
The diagnostic capability of senior dental students about caries detection was fair and depth diagnosis was slight.

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, which its effective treatment maintains an acceptable level of performance in patients. Concerning the different effects of sexual glands on various physiological phenomena such as depression, the purpose of this study was investigation of the effect of Atorvastatin on depression by forced swimming stress model in gonadectomized male mice.
24 male rats with an average weight of 30-35 g were used in the study. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8). Those groups included a group which was not gonadectomized, the gonadectomized group received DMSO and gonadectomized group received Atorvastatin. At first, mice were gonadectomized. One week after the operation, treatments were administered intraperitoneally half an hour before the test. Depression was assessed by the forced swimming test. In this test, mice were placed into a cylindrical glass (25 cm height, 12 cm in diameter) containing a column of 8 cm of water at 25±1°C. In 10 minutes, the number of immobile, swimming and climbing wall were recorded. The data were analyzed by one way variance analysis and Tukey’s test using SPSS.
Intraperitoneal injection of Atorvastatin (40 mg/kg) significantly increased the immobility time in the gonadectomized mice taking the drug or solvent DMSO in forced swimming test. The gonadectomy had an increase in depression compared to healthy mice (p The findings of the present study indicated that taking Atorvastatin having a two-folded increase in depression of gonadectomized mice.