مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک
سال نوزدهم شماره 8 (پیاپی 113، آبان 1395)

Diabetes mellitus was induced, when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin (diabetes type 1) or is unable to use insulin properly (diabetes type 2)..In this study we compare serum nesfatin-1 level in type 1 and 2 diabetic rats.
18 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups. Group1: control, Group2: diabetic type 1, Group3: diabetic type2. Diabetes type 1 was induced by a single injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) and diabetes type 2 was induced by STZ (60 mg/kg) and NA (110 mg/kg). FBG (fasting blood glucose), insulin, nesfatin-1were measured in all groups after 6 weeks.
nesfatin-1 levels were increased in diabetic rats to the control. It’s level in serum was significantly higher in type 2 compared to type 1 diabetic rats. Serum insulin and body weight were reduced significantly in diabetic rats compared to control and was lower significantly in type 1 than type 2 diabetic rats. . FBG were increased significantly in diabetic rats compared to control and it was higher in type 2 compered to type 1 diabetic rats significantly. (P Nesfatin-1 level in serum of type 2 diabetic rats was higher than type 1 maybe because of higher weight and less destruction of beta cells in type 2 diabetic rats.

Candida albicans is still the main etiologic agent of candidiasis. However, infections of non-albicans Candida species are increasing. Candida dubliniensis is similar to C. albicans phenotypically and must be identified due to the better management of infection. The aim of the present study is to defferentiate and identify Candida species by Duplex PCR for getting an epidemiological data of Candida species among clinical specimens.
DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform method from fresh colonies. Internal Transcribed Spacer region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. Based on differences of bands sizes on agarose gel electrophoresis, species were identified.
Ninety four out of 100 patients (49 males and 51 females) had predisposing factors in the present study. Diabetes (73.4%), use of antibiotic (6.3%), vitamin deficiency (4.3%) were the main predisposing factors. The most specimens belonged to mouth (75%), vagina (5%), and blood (4%). All isolates were identified as C. albicans.
Duplex PCR is a rapid and precise method for the detection and differentiation of Candida species carefully, and in this method, phenotypic tests like germ-tube and chlamydoconidia production, as well as biochemical tests are not required for clinical laboratories that have limited resources and time for response to the patients, and it can replace with the traditional methods.

Hydatidiform Mole is a benign trophoblastic tumor is made of ectopic pregnancy. Abnormalities in the number or structure of chromosomes are causes of Hydatidiform Mole common numerical disorders resulted from proliferating repetitive sequences markers as called STR were studied in the region of chromosome X, Y, 13, 18 and 21. This study aimed to investigate chromosomal disorders prevalent in women with hydatidiform mole, that was performed using QF-PCR techniques.
In this study, 50 women with hydatidiform mole and 80 healthy women as controls were selected. For studying the chromosomal abnormalities resulted of proliferating STR, Chromo Quant QF-PCR kit was used. Polymerase chain reaction was performed in PCR machine. Then electrophoresis was performed on Genetic Analyzer. Finally, amplified fragment were analyzed by Gene Marker software Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 19, and t-test. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. In this test, p In this study ¡of 50 samples, 8 samples of 47XXY (16%), 40 samples of trisomy 21 (80%) and 2 cases of trisomy 18 (4%) were identified.
Anomalies Trisomy 21 (41 ± 1.58) and 47XXY (9.62 ± 1.36) are significantly associated with mydatidiform mole disease (p

Diabetes mellitus is associated with reductions in fertility indices. Resistance training, on the other hand, through reducing the adverse effects of diabetes, exerts a positive impact on diabetic individuals. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of ten weeks of resistance training on serum levels of reproductive hormones and sperm parameters in Wistar rats with diabetes mellitus type 2.
In this experimental study, 36 Wistar rats with mean weight of 200±50 were randomly assigned to healthy control, diabetic control and diabetic training groups. The diabetic resistance training group received ten weeks of resistance training (climbing up the ladder) following the induction of diabetes. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, left epididymis of the rats was examined for studying sperm parameters and blood serum samples were examined for evaluating reproductive hormones. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s Post Hoc test at 0.05%.
Ten weeks of resistance training induced significant increases in serum testosterone and FSH levels in the resistance training group in comparison to the diabetic group (p Resistance training can improve sperm parameters, including sperm count, survival rate and motility, through increasing serum testosterone, LH and FSH levels (reproductive hormones) in rats with diabetes mellitus type 2.

We are aware of no study evaluating the effects of zinc supplementation on metabolic profiles of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on glucose homeostasis parameters in PCOS women.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 52 women diagnosed with PCOS and aged 18-40 years old. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to receive 220 mg zinc sulfate (containing 50 mg zinc) supplements (n=26) or placebo (n=26) per day for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention to quantify glucose and insulin.
After 8 weeks of intervention, zinc-supplemented patients had reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (-4.3±9.6 vs. .5±6.0 mg/dL, p=0.03), serum insulin (-3.0 ± 2.9 vs . 1.5 ± 8.4 µIU/ml, p=0.01), serum triglycerides levels (-15.6±40.3 vs. .5±25.3 mg/dL, p=0.002) and a significant increase in insulin sensitivity (.02±0.02 vs. -0.004±0.05, p=0.03) compared with the placebo.
Taken together, 220 mg zinc sulfate supplementation per day for 8 weeks among PCOS women had beneficial effects on metabolic profiles.

Understanding the real needs of children with cerebral palsy and their families helps the therapists to provide adequate health care service for them. This study aimed to determine the needs of mothering handling training for family caregiving of children and youth with CP at home based on the level of gross motor function.
This research was a descriptive, analytical and cross sectional study that was performed on 186 children 4-12 year olds with CP from the rehabilitation clinics in the city of Arak. They were selected by simple and purposeful sampling. Clinical tests were Gross Motor Measure Function Classification System Expanded & Revised (GMFCS E&R) to assess the severity of gross motor function lesions and canadian Occupational performance measure (COPM) to determine the needs. Data were analyzed by descriptive tests such as: statistical test and two-way ANOVA.
The most important need of mothering handling training was self care training specially toileting, feeding, eating and functional mobility related to children with CP in the level of V of GMFCS E&R (transported in a manual wheelchair). There were no significant differences in needs of mothering handling training in areas of sex and severity of gross motor function lesions (p>0.05).
It seems that therapists should combine maternal handling trainings with other interventions in therapy programs, especially in the area of self- care.

The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive emotional regulation strategies, sensory processing sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity in patients with multiple sclerosis and normal people.
Statistical population of this study was all of patients with multiple sclerosis that referred to M.S association of Iran in the tehran. Sample of this study was 30 individuals of patients with multiple sclerosis selected by available sampling method and were matched with 30 individuals of normal people. Two groups completed cognitive emotion regulation, high sensory processing sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity questionnaires. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Multivariate Analysis of Variance.
The results indicated that there is significant difference between two groups in view of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in which the mean of scores of patients with multiple sclerosis in maladaptive strategies of self- blame, catastrophizing and other blame were more than normal people and mean of scores of them in adaptive strategies of positive refocusing, positive reappraisal and putting into perspective were less than normal people. The results also indicated that there is a significant difference between two groups in anxiety sensitivity and sensory processing sensitivity.
The most of emotional problems in patients with multiple sclerosis can be the result of more application of maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation, high sensory processing sensitivity and high anxiety sensitivity.

Eryngium caucasicum Trautv has antioxidant properties due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. So, the present study was done to investigate the protective effects of Eryngium caucasicum Trautv extract on tricyclazole induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
In this experimental study, 42 mice were divided into 6 groups including control, sham, tricyclazole (TCZ) and three experimental groups. The mice in the tricyclazole group, received 50 mg/kg TCZ via intraperitoneal injection and experimental groups 2, 3 and 4 received respectively 100,200and 400 mg/kg of extract via gavage for 4 weeks and 2 days per week. The sham group received only sterile water. At the end, serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP, serum concentration of albumin and total bilirubin were measured. Also, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the extract were measured. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA.
Tricyclazole increased serum levels of aminotransferase, phosphatase alkaline and total bilirubin and decreased serum concentration of albumin. But, treatment with extract decreased liver enzymes and bilirubin and increased levels of albumin (p The results demonstrated that Eryngium caucasicum Trautv extract due to the presence of high phenolic compounds has protective effects on tricyclazole induced hepatotoxicity.

Osteoporosis is describesd as a disorder and skeletal disease that decrease bone strength and increases the risk of a bone fractures. Genetic factors have effect role in the progression of the osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LRP4 gene polymorphism with osteoporosis in a population of postmenopausal women from north of Iran.
In this case-control study, 80 female patients with osteoporosis and 80 healthy females without osteoporosis with average age of 45-60 has been investigated. After DNA extraction from genome samples, polymorphism of LRP4 (rs4752947) gene have been investigated by PCR-RFLP method. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Our results showed no significant relationship between polymorphism of LRP4(rs4752947) gene and the risk of osteoporosis disease in two patients and control groups. Also, AT genotype and TT genotype compared with AA genotype increased the chance of disease by 1379 and 3.5, respectively. In addition, TT alleles compared with AA alleles, increased the chance of osteoporosis up to 1.605 times.
Of course, more complementary studies considering other LRP4 gene subtypes with more individuals for better findings are needed.

Carbon tetrachloride is one of the chemical toxins, disturbing bone marrow texture and changing the serum blood proteins. In this study, the protective effect of Avicennia marina leaf extract on bone marrow texture of rats induced by carbontetrachloride is investigated.
42 male rats were divided randomly in to 6 groups: group induced by CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride 1:1 with olive oil, 2 ml/kg single dose, i,p), sham(taking olive oil, 2ml/kg i,p single dose) and control (taking normal saline, 2ml/kg, i,p single dose ). Treated groups (1,2 and3): induced by carbon tetrachloride 1:1 with olive oil, 2ml/kg single dose and then after two hours treated by 200mg/Kg, 400mg/Kg and 800mg/kg AME /day for 96 hrs, i,p) After the examination the blood samples were collected from heart directly and WBC and blood proteins such as Albumin, total protein separation of serum and Sections sternum bone were analyzed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and statistical significance differences were accepted at(p The necrotic bone marrow texture, WBC, serum Albumin and total protein of the treatment groups showed a significant increase rather than group induced by CCl4(p The Avicennia marina leaf has active antioxidant and flavonoids compounds which probably have protective effects on bone marrow texture from toxic agents such as CCl4.