نشریه آموزش و ارزشیابی
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1387)

Six sigma and lean management are two powerful approaches for the efficiency and quality of processes¡each of which include a pack of tools¡ basics and specific principles and powerful adminstrative systems for production of qualitative services and customer - centered by omission of process errors and waste and creation of values in an organization.
The present article is based on library studies and takes an analytic exploration of the contents of papers¡ latin and persian books with the purpose of description and clarification of theoretical bases and the principles the approaches¡ nativization( localization) and their application and merging into education so that we could provide an optimal basis for their application in education.
Undoubtedly¡ with the application of tools¡ principles and procedures related to six sigma and lean in line with reduction of process application errors and increase of their potential¡ also value creation and omission of wastes¡ we can experience great changes in education¡ and achieve desirable and defficiency-free conclusions¡ and reach qualitative and improved goals designed for education.

The method cooperative learning has been studies from different views. Studying of these views and comparing them with traditional learning resulted in presentation of a pattern, which has been executed in the present study (semi-empirical).The aim of this research is to compare the effect of cooperative and traditional teaching on academic achievement and attitude towards learning of Islamic studies Subject in pre-university centers of Tabriz. The statistical society of this research includes the male and female students of pre-university centers of Tabriz in 2008-2009 out of which 136 students were randomly selected as statistical sample. 69 subjects (one male class and one female class) were selected as cooperative group for cooperative learning and 67 subjects (one male class and one female class) as traditional group for traditional learning. Measurement tools used in this study included researcher-made academic achievement test based on the contents of Islamic Studies Subject and researcher-made attitude questionnaire for measuring the attitudes of the subjects towards learning the Islamic Studies Subject before and after teaching. First, the subjects of this study participated in attitude pre-test and after 12 weeks of traditional and cooperative teaching, the academic achievement and attitudes of subjects were measured. Independent and dependant T-tests were used for analyzing the data and the results showed that the academic achievement of cooperative group was more than that of the traditional group and there was a significant difference between their averages. The results also showed that the attitudes of students for learning and course subject in cooperative group had more positive changes in comparison with that of the students in traditional group and this change in females is more than males. The results of this study also confirmed the hypothesis that females have higher academic achievement than males in educational learning.

This study tries to investigate the relationship between family emotional climate with17-28 year old adolescences and youth from three levels of socio-economic status (low, average, and high). This research is correlation and causal comparative. The statistical sample size was 159 participants which were randomly selected using rank- order method. Gathering data was made through four questionnaires, namely: A researcher made one on family emotional climate, Plug & Ochs on identification, Beck on self -concept, and coopersmith on self -esteem, were implemented.
The reliability of family emotional climate was 94% using odd –even method. The results showed that there is a relationship between the family emotional climate and identification, self -concept , and self- esteem variables , and the correlation coefficient were significant at 0.01 , 0.05 respectively. The results also show that individuals with higher identification had more suitable emotional climate, consequently had better self -concept and self –esteem.

The aim of this study is constructing and validating a Persian scale for measuring statistical anxiety among students of Islamic Azad University in Abadan. The minor aim is to determine its relationship with gender, age, the field of study in high school. The statistical sample size included 319 student s (129male &190female) who were enrolled in second term in statistics course, were randomly selected using cluster sampling. The initial questionnaire included 47 items, 17 items of which were deleted due to initial statistical analysis. The reliability of factorial analyses of 30 items were put on five factors, namely: application statistical anxiety, analyze and comment of statistical anxiety, examining statistical anxiety, statistical anxiety instrument, and teachers’ statistical anxiety.
Using alpha coefficient and test -retest methods, the reliability of total statistical anxiety scale and subscales were confirmed. Three way ANOVA was used for determining effects of gender, age and field of study in high school on the statistical anxiety. The findings indicated that main effects of gender and field of study in high school were significant on statistics anxiety. Post hoc test indicated that female students had greater anxiety than the male students. Also scheffe test indicated that students studying in humanities during high school had greater statistical anxiety than the other students.

The present study tries to compare the effect of interactive and non - interactive multimedia on students’ self- regulation. The survey was performed on two experimental groups of 15 members of each, who were randomly selected among the teacher training students’ in Zanjan teacher training university. A pre- test was conducted on self -regulation strategies .Training started by using multimedia, one group got interact, the other non -interactive multimedia training. At the end of the study, a post -test was implemented.
The results showed that a significant difference was found between interactive and non- interactive multimedia learning strategies on the students’ self- regulation learning. Thus the study confirms that learning through inter active - multimedia increases the self -regulation learning.

This study examines the effectiveness of group logo therapy on the Self -Esteem T.M.S.U dormitory female students. The statistical population was all the medica science university dormitory female students. The sampling method was Multistage Cluster Sampling the primary sample was include 176 students and the final sample included 24 persons who got a grade lower than 1S.D (one standard diviation) to the mean in the Cooper Smith Self Esteem Test with four minor scale of (schooling, family, social and general).They were randomly selected as the final sample and
Substituted for experimental and control group.First, the pre-test was done on both groups then the experimental group attended in 10 sessions of group logo therapy, according to the plan.
After that the post test was performed o both groups. T-test was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that group logo therapy increased the Self- Esteem and the Academic Self- Esteem of them but it was not effective on the Familial, Social and General Self Esteem.
It has been suggested that the group logo therapy may be used for promoting Self- Esteem.

The study deals with the effect of perceived social support on personal and social adjustment of orthopedically and visually handicapped students. The statistical population was 180 girls and192 boys high -school students, out of which the sample size of 372 were 5andomaly selected (182orthopaedically &190 visually handicapped).
Two standard questionnaires is namely Sarason et.al on social support, and California test of personality Thorp et.al on adjustment (personal & social) were used. A two- by- two factorial design was used. The ANOVA results showed a significant difference between orthopedically and visually handicapped. Regarding handicapped students personal and social adjustment, high and low perceived social support was indicated. The results have also been discussed in light of other investigations.

This research aims at comparing the effectiveness of agency and servant leadership styles in high schools. The statistical population was 30 managers and 400 teachers in Tabriz fourth educational districts .Using stratified random sampling and the use of Cochran formula 195sample size was chosen.The adjusted sample size was133 people.
The research method was descriptive survey. In order to gather the data two researcher made questionnaire were used. The reliability of the questionnaires’ were obtained by Cronbach alpha which was 98% and 95% for leadership styles and effectiveness respectively. The data then were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics.
The results showed that there was significant difference between the effectiveness of agency and servant leadership styles. There was no significant difference between the managers’ leadership styles and students’ educational performance. There was significant difference between managers’ leadership style and organizational climate and managers’ sex.