فصلنامه مهارت آموزی
پیاپی 9 (پاییز 1393)

Enterprise survival in complicated and competitive economy depends on creativity and innovation, and this is influenced by the management and empowerment of human capital as the most important source of innovation development. Iran Technical and Vocational Training Organization (Iran TVTO) as an establishment responsible for informal education has an important role in improving the business environment and development of workforce’s learning in firms. Although, Skill training has an undeniable and highlighted role in industry dynamics, it is faced with some challenges. To study and analyze this issue, and identify and implement appropriate strategies, SWOT model has been used to gather experienced training designers’ views in firms and enterprises. After combination of opinions, 29 factors were identified in SWOT subgroups (opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses). Then, in each subgroup, the most important and influential factors were selected. And finally, based on them, the main strategies in the field of firms’ employees’ empowerment were defined.

The present paper aims to study barriers of Trainees’ attraction and retention in Fars Province Technical and Vocational Training General Office (Shiraz City).The research questions dealt with attraction factors (organizational and individual factors) and retention factors (physical and educational matters factors) of technical and vocational training centers’ trainees.A mixed methods research design was used. Research toolsincluded researcher-made questionnaire and semi-structured interview.The results showed that individual and physical factors were more effective on the trainees’ absorption and attraction. And physical and educational matters factorswere more effective on trainees’ retention. However, in each of these factors, there were deficiencies separately, so some of the trainees leave the instruction in the middle of the period. Also, social and cultural bases had negative effect on attraction of trainees towards the technical and vocational training.

Today due to the dramatic expansion of industry and technology, skilled human forces is a fundamental need in production, industry and service firms, and Technical and vocational training (TVT) as an important factor for human resources education has been taken into consideration. So, importance of TVT in  future manpower employment on the one hand and unfavorable and relatively weak outputs resulting from conducting such training on the other hand, it is essential to study the results of TVT in the real world. This study aimed to study skill levels of Iran TVT Centers in Ilam city from employers’ point of view. This study is a field research in terms of measure of control by researchers, a survey research in terms of method of facts acquiring and data processing, and a descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The research populations were 30 employers inhabiting in the Ilam city and employing TVT. Sampling method was census. For data collection, a standard and researcher- made questionnaire were used. Questionnaire validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability by using Cranach’s alpha. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 19. Correlation analysis showed that there is a significant positive relationship among the variables; job adaptation and harmony, job ability, employers’ satisfaction and trainees’ job skills. Also, the results of multiple regression showed that variables; job ability, job adaptation and harmony and employers’ satisfaction had 60 percent of changes in dependent variables.

Currently training of skilled and efficient manpower is important  in economic developments, especially in developing countries . This study aimes to provide an image of the employment status of skill training graduates based on their employment rate. Also, the  unemployment factors of skill training graduates will be evaluated. So, the main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of technical and vocational training (TVT) on the employment of skill training graduates. Research population included 9984 people all the skill training graduates of  TVT centers in Khorasan Razavi province during 9 months, 2011-2012. The regression equation and the binomial test was used for statistical test of research questions. The results of testing the first question proved the main hypothesis of this study entitled "TVT would impact on  the  Employment  of skill training graduates. Among the factors (lack of job opportunity, low wages, lack of skill training, no interest in an offerd job and lack of sufficient capital) that lead to unemployment of skill training graduates, lack of job opportunity played the most important role.

This study aimed to assess the needs of skill training of West Azarbaijan Technical and Vocational Training Genaral Office in the realm of industry from the perspectives of employers, instructors and trainees. Method of study was descriptive- survey. Target population covered all employers, instructors and trainees of West Azarbaijan province in the realm of industry. Sampling method for employers was snowball sampling method as we didn’t access to their list and for trainees and instructors was proportional stratified sampling. Study instruments included three researcher- made questionnaires that their validity and reliability were confirmed. To analyze data, descriptive statistics indices including frequency distribution charts and tables, percentage, mean, standard deviation as well as inferential statistics including one sample t- test, paired sample t- test were used and content analysis was utilized for qualitative data analysis.
Findings revealed that:1. Employers assessed ideal conditions of evaluation indices significantly higher than the current conditions.
2. There was significant difference between mean of current conditions and ideal evaluation indices from the perspective of instructors.
3. There was also significant difference between mean of current conditions and ideal evaluation indices from the perspective of trainees. Finally, some new needs were identified and prioritized according to the opinions of employers, instructors and trainees as well as according to capacities of cities.

One of the most important tools of human forces development is technical and vocational training (TVT) which provides the students with vocational skills in order to prepare them for entering the business world. Since the changes in the business and industry market vary the level of requirements and skills, flexible training is necessary to respond to these changes in order to teach the learners how to properly deal with new environments and provide solutions for the problems in a way the learners be able to learn job skills such as communication, commitment, punctuality, problem solving, teamwork, self-management, planning, organization and technology. Unfortunately, TVT system is such a traditional system that can not meet the ever-changing needs of learners and business market. Therefore, new training approaches and instructional design have been considered important in many developing and developed countries. And many industrial, medical and educational organizations in these countries used the new approach as a shortcut for training effectiveness ans individual skills improvement. One of these new approaches is holistic instructional design that prepares the learners for entering the business world by integrating knowledge, attitudes and skills, preparing them to face challenges of changes. However, it can be said that instead of the traditional approaches to teaching in TVT centers, planning should be performed using new learning environments as well as holistic environment in order to change the business needs, training materials and teaching- learning methods appropriate for the learners.

This study examines the impact of personality traits on entrepreneurial orientation among the students. This study is an applied research and its method is descriptive correlation. The population of the study consisted of 110 post graduate (master) students with major of Public Administration during 2013-2014 from Islamic Azad University of Shushtar. As the sample, 85 persons were determined using MORGAN Table and selected randomly to answer the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. The obtained data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that among the personality traits, ambiguity tolerance was the most effective variable for student’s entrepreneurial orientation. Also other useful traits included risk-taking, need for achievement, internal locus of control, determination, creativity, independence and taking responsibility; respectively. The researcher’s recommendations included implementing the educational courses in the field of entrepreneurial personality traits and combination of specialized courses with fundamentals of entrepreneurship.